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JPA Performance Benchmark (JPAB)

Comparison of Hibernate with HSQLDB embedded vs Hibernate with SQLite embedded

Each of the following tables focuses on a specific database operation, where the last table presents average results comparison.

Speed comparison of JPA database persistence operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	Hibernate HSQLDB embedded	Hibernate SQLite embedded	Hibernate HSQLDB embedded	Hibernate SQLite embedded	Hibernate HSQLDB embedded	Hibernate SQLite embedded
Basic Person Test	32.6	0.083	13.1	1.0	22.9	0.55
Element Collection Test	15.1	0.067	8.2	0.69	11.7	0.38
Inheritance Test	25.5	0.080	13.6	0.99	19.5	0.54
Indexing Test	29.6	0.098	18.8	1.0	24.2	0.55
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	13.8	0.27	15.6	0.96	14.7	0.61
Multithreading Test	37.4	failed	13.0	failed	25.2	failed
All Tests	25.6	0.12	13.7	0.93	19.7	0.53

Hibernate with SQLite embedded has failed in 2 tests (see exceptions).

The results above show that in general Hibernate with HSQLDB embedded is much more efficient than Hibernate with SQLite embedded in persisting JPA entity objects to the database. Comparing the normalized speed of Hibernate with SQLite embedded database (0.53) to the normalized speed of Hibernate with HSQLDB embedded database (19.7) reveals that in these tests, Hibernate with HSQLDB embedded is 37.2 times faster than Hibernate with SQLite embedded.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using simple basic entities with small transaction size. Comparing the normalized speed of Hibernate with SQLite embedded database (0.083) to the normalized speed of Hibernate with HSQLDB embedded database (32.6) reveals that in that case, Hibernate with HSQLDB embedded is 393 times faster than Hibernate with SQLite embedded.

Speed comparison of JPA database retrieval operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Retrieval Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	Hibernate HSQLDB embedded	Hibernate SQLite embedded	Hibernate HSQLDB embedded	Hibernate SQLite embedded	Hibernate HSQLDB embedded	Hibernate SQLite embedded
Basic Person Test	24.8	1.8	16.4	1.3	20.6	1.5
Element Collection Test	11.3	0.0008	10.8	failed	11.0	0.0008
Inheritance Test	21.7	2.4	21.0	1.4	21.3	1.9
Indexing Test	11.9	1.9	21.5	2.3	16.7	2.1
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	3.6	0.56	4.7	0.88	4.1	0.72
Multithreading Test	19.8	failed	21.5	failed	20.6	failed
All Tests	15.5	1.3	16.0	1.5	15.7	1.4

Hibernate with SQLite embedded has failed in 3 tests (see exceptions).

The results above show that in general Hibernate with HSQLDB embedded is much more efficient than Hibernate with SQLite embedded in retrieving JPA entity objects from the database. Comparing the normalized speed of Hibernate with SQLite embedded database (1.4) to the normalized speed of Hibernate with HSQLDB embedded database (15.7) reveals that in these tests, Hibernate with HSQLDB embedded is 11.2 times faster than Hibernate with SQLite embedded.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using JPA element collections with small retrieval size. Comparing the normalized speed of Hibernate with SQLite embedded database (0.0008) to the normalized speed of Hibernate with HSQLDB embedded database (11.3) reveals that in that case, Hibernate with HSQLDB embedded is 14,125 times faster than Hibernate with SQLite embedded.

Speed comparison of JPA database query operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Retrieval Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	Hibernate HSQLDB embedded	Hibernate SQLite embedded	Hibernate HSQLDB embedded	Hibernate SQLite embedded	Hibernate HSQLDB embedded	Hibernate SQLite embedded
Basic Person Test	3.6	1.1	0.88	0.22	2.2	0.65
Element Collection Test	3.4	0.39	1.7	failed	2.6	0.39
Inheritance Test	2.9	0.53	1.0	0.28	1.9	0.40
Indexing Test	9.9	0.0011	21.7	0.43	15.8	0.21
Multithreading Test	1.1	failed	0.58	failed	0.82	failed
All Tests	4.2	0.50	5.2	0.31	4.7	0.42

Hibernate with SQLite embedded has failed in 3 tests (see exceptions).

The results above show that in general Hibernate with HSQLDB embedded is much more efficient than Hibernate with SQLite embedded in executing the tested JPA queries. Comparing the normalized speed of Hibernate with SQLite embedded database (0.42) to the normalized speed of Hibernate with HSQLDB embedded database (4.7) reveals that in these tests, Hibernate with HSQLDB embedded is 11.2 times faster than Hibernate with SQLite embedded.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using database indexes with small retrieval size. Comparing the normalized speed of Hibernate with SQLite embedded database (0.0011) to the normalized speed of Hibernate with HSQLDB embedded database (9.9) reveals that in that case, Hibernate with HSQLDB embedded is 9,000 times faster than Hibernate with SQLite embedded.

Speed comparison of JPA database update operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	Hibernate HSQLDB embedded	Hibernate SQLite embedded	Hibernate HSQLDB embedded	Hibernate SQLite embedded	Hibernate HSQLDB embedded	Hibernate SQLite embedded
Basic Person Test	14.2	0.076	5.0	0.65	9.6	0.37
Element Collection Test	10.1	0.0022	5.6	failed	7.8	0.0022
Inheritance Test	13.4	0.079	7.5	0.97	10.5	0.53
Indexing Test	10.7	0.057	6.1	0.54	8.4	0.30
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	3.7	0.26	2.5	0.42	3.1	0.34
Multithreading Test	23.9	failed	3.8	failed	13.9	failed
All Tests	12.7	0.094	5.1	0.65	8.9	0.34

Hibernate with SQLite embedded has failed in 3 tests (see exceptions).

The results above show that in general Hibernate with HSQLDB embedded is much more efficient than Hibernate with SQLite embedded in updating JPA entity objects in the database. Comparing the normalized speed of Hibernate with SQLite embedded database (0.34) to the normalized speed of Hibernate with HSQLDB embedded database (8.9) reveals that in these tests, Hibernate with HSQLDB embedded is 26.2 times faster than Hibernate with SQLite embedded.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using JPA element collections with small transaction size. Comparing the normalized speed of Hibernate with SQLite embedded database (0.0022) to the normalized speed of Hibernate with HSQLDB embedded database (10.1) reveals that in that case, Hibernate with HSQLDB embedded is 4,591 times faster than Hibernate with SQLite embedded.

Speed comparison of JPA database removal operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	Hibernate HSQLDB embedded	Hibernate SQLite embedded	Hibernate HSQLDB embedded	Hibernate SQLite embedded	Hibernate HSQLDB embedded	Hibernate SQLite embedded
Basic Person Test	26.1	0.061	17.5	0.91	21.8	0.49
Element Collection Test	9.1	0.0007	5.2	failed	7.1	0.0007
Inheritance Test	21.4	0.058	17.7	0.90	19.6	0.48
Indexing Test	33.0	0.079	16.3	0.54	24.7	0.31
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	5.4	0.24	8.2	0.80	6.8	0.52
Multithreading Test	38.5	failed	28.6	failed	33.5	failed
All Tests	22.3	0.088	15.6	0.79	18.9	0.40

Hibernate with SQLite embedded has failed in 3 tests (see exceptions).

The results above show that in general Hibernate with HSQLDB embedded is much more efficient than Hibernate with SQLite embedded in deleting JPA entity objects from the database. Comparing the normalized speed of Hibernate with SQLite embedded database (0.40) to the normalized speed of Hibernate with HSQLDB embedded database (18.9) reveals that in these tests, Hibernate with HSQLDB embedded is 47.2 times faster than Hibernate with SQLite embedded.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using JPA element collections with small transaction size. Comparing the normalized speed of Hibernate with SQLite embedded database (0.0007) to the normalized speed of Hibernate with HSQLDB embedded database (9.1) reveals that in that case, Hibernate with HSQLDB embedded is 13,000 times faster than Hibernate with SQLite embedded.

Comparison of database storage efficiency (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	Hibernate HSQLDB embedded	Hibernate SQLite embedded	Hibernate HSQLDB embedded	Hibernate SQLite embedded	Hibernate HSQLDB embedded	Hibernate SQLite embedded
Basic Person Test	41.4	90.2	41.4	90.2	41.4	90.2
Element Collection Test	46.9	82.0	46.9	82.0	46.9	82.0
Inheritance Test	41.4	80.5	41.4	80.5	41.4	80.5
Indexing Test	48.4	93.4	49.2	94.8	48.8	94.1
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	28.5	67.9	21.4	50.9	25.0	59.4
Multithreading Test	51.9	failed	10.3	failed	31.1	failed
All Tests	43.1	82.8	35.1	79.7	39.1	81.2

Hibernate with SQLite embedded has failed in 2 tests (see exceptions).

The results above show that in general Hibernate with SQLite embedded is more efficient than Hibernate with HSQLDB embedded in using disk space. Comparing the normalized score of Hibernate with HSQLDB embedded database (39.1) to the normalized score of Hibernate with SQLite embedded database (81.2) reveals that in these tests, Hibernate with SQLite embedded is 2.1 times more efficient than Hibernate with HSQLDB embedded.

A large gap has been detected when using graphs of objects with small transaction size. Comparing the normalized score of Hibernate with HSQLDB embedded database (28.5) to the normalized score of Hibernate with SQLite embedded database (67.9) reveals that in that case, Hibernate with SQLite embedded is 2.4 times more efficient than Hibernate with HSQLDB embedded.

Comparison of JPA/Database speed - the averages (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction/Retrieval Size	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	Hibernate HSQLDB embedded	Hibernate SQLite embedded	Hibernate HSQLDB embedded	Hibernate SQLite embedded	Hibernate HSQLDB embedded	Hibernate SQLite embedded
Basic Person Test	20.2	0.63	10.6	0.81	15.4	0.72
Element Collection Test	9.8	0.092	6.3	0.69	8.0	0.19
Inheritance Test	17.0	0.63	12.2	0.91	14.6	0.77
Indexing Test	19.0	0.42	16.9	0.96	18.0	0.69
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	6.6	0.33	7.8	0.77	7.2	0.55
Multithreading Test	24.1	failed	13.5	failed	18.8	failed
All Tests	16.5	0.42	11.3	0.86	13.9	0.62

The results above show that in general Hibernate with HSQLDB embedded is much more efficient than Hibernate with SQLite embedded in performing JPA database operations. Comparing the normalized speed of Hibernate with SQLite embedded database (0.62) to the normalized speed of Hibernate with HSQLDB embedded database (13.9) reveals that in these tests, Hibernate with HSQLDB embedded is 22.4 times faster than Hibernate with SQLite embedded.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using JPA element collections with small transaction/retrieval size. Comparing the normalized speed of Hibernate with SQLite embedded database (0.092) to the normalized speed of Hibernate with HSQLDB embedded database (9.8) reveals that in that case, Hibernate with HSQLDB embedded is 107 times faster than Hibernate with SQLite embedded.

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JPA Performance Benchmark - Copyright © 2010, 2011, 2012 ObjectDB Software Ltd. - All rights reserved.
The benchmark program is released as open source under the GPL license.