Choose benchmark test, operation and batch mode:

When one or more of the All filters is selected - only average normalized results are displayed. Please read Running and Results for more details.

Speed comparison of JPA database persistence operations per second (higher is better)

 Derby
embedded		H2
embedded		HSQLDB
embedded		SQLite
embedded		DB4O
embedded		ObjectDB
embedded		Derby
server		H2
server		MySQL
server		PostgreSQL
server		ObjectDB
server
DataNucleus3,53820,96215,492 failed 1,4064,8792,6122,065 
EclipseLink4,48940,22145,461535  4,32510,6233,8057,902 
Hibernate4,28639,08431,278614  4,0807,8033,4616,868 
OpenJPA3,37215,49113,808   1,6042,5101,5432,236 
ObjectDB     200,922    227,327

Performance comparison chart - The Y-Axis represents normalized score in logarithmic scale - higher is better:
JPA performance benchmark comparision Hibernate, EclipseLink, OpenJPA, DataNucleus, ObjectDB

Performance comparison chart - The Y-Axis represents normalized score in linear scale - higher is better:
JPA performance benchmark comparision Hibernate, EclipseLink, OpenJPA, DataNucleus, ObjectDB

Best and Worst JPA/Database Performer in this comparison

The Most Efficient (the Fastest):

1. ObjectDB server100
2. ObjectDB embedded88.4
3. EclipseLink with HSQLDB embedded20.0
4. EclipseLink with H2 embedded17.7
5. Hibernate with H2 embedded17.2
6. Hibernate with HSQLDB embedded13.8
7. DataNucleus with H2 embedded9.2
8. DataNucleus with HSQLDB embedded6.8
9. OpenJPA with H2 embedded6.8
10. OpenJPA with HSQLDB embedded6.1
11. EclipseLink with H2 server4.7
12. EclipseLink with PostgreSQL server3.5
13. Hibernate with H2 server3.4
14. Hibernate with PostgreSQL server3.0
15. DataNucleus with H2 server2.1
16. EclipseLink with Derby embedded2.0
17. EclipseLink with Derby server1.9

The Least Efficient (the Slowest):

18. Hibernate with Derby embedded1.9
19. Hibernate with Derby server1.8
20. EclipseLink with MySQL server1.7
21. DataNucleus with Derby embedded1.6
22. Hibernate with MySQL server1.5
23. OpenJPA with Derby embedded1.5
24. DataNucleus with MySQL server1.1
25. OpenJPA with H2 server1.1
26. OpenJPA with PostgreSQL server0.98
27. DataNucleus with PostgreSQL server0.91
28. OpenJPA with Derby server0.71
29. OpenJPA with MySQL server0.68
30. DataNucleus with Derby server0.62
31. Hibernate with SQLite embedded0.27
32. EclipseLink with SQLite embedded0.24
33. DataNucleus with DB4O embedded0.0000

Problems (Exceptions) in these tests

  • DataNucleus with DB4O embedded
    javax.persistence.PersistenceException: Object "org.jpab.node.Node@538eb7b8" being inserted has id "130003" yet an object with this id already exists in the datastore!
	at org.datanucleus.api.jpa.NucleusJPAHelper.getJPAExceptionForNucleusException(NucleusJPAHelper.java:302)
	at org.datanucleus.api.jpa.JPAEntityTransaction.commit(JPAEntityTransaction.java:122)
	at org.jpab.Test.persist(Test.java:217)
	at org.jpab.Test.persist(Test.java:200)
	at org.jpab.Runner$PersistAction.run0(Runner.java:538)
	at org.jpab.Runner$TestAction.run(Runner.java:517)
	at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:662)
Caused by: org.datanucleus.exceptions.NucleusUserException: Object "org.jpab.node.Node@538eb7b8" being inserted has id "130003" yet an object with this id already exists in the datastore!
	at org.datanucleus.store.db4o.DB4OPersistenceHandler.insertObject(DB4OPersistenceHandler.java:140)
	at org.datanucleus.state.JDOStateManager.internalMakePersistent(JDOStateManager.java:2371)
	at org.datanucleus.state.JDOStateManager.flush(JDOStateManager.java:3803)
	at org.datanucleus.ObjectManagerImpl.flushInternalWithOrdering(ObjectManagerImpl.java:3854)
	at org.datanucleus.ObjectManagerImpl.flushInternal(ObjectManagerImpl.java:3755)
	at org.datanucleus.ObjectManagerImpl.flush(ObjectManagerImpl.java:3701)
	at org.datanucleus.ObjectManagerImpl.preCommit(ObjectManagerImpl.java:4084)
	at org.datanucleus.ObjectManagerImpl$2.transactionPreCommit(ObjectManagerImpl.java:398)
	at org.datanucleus.TransactionImpl.internalPreCommit(TransactionImpl.java:370)
	at org.datanucleus.TransactionImpl.commit(TransactionImpl.java:259)
	at org.datanucleus.api.jpa.JPAEntityTransaction.commit(JPAEntityTransaction.java:103)
	... 5 more