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JPA Performance Benchmark (JPAB)

Comparison of OpenJPA with HSQLDB embedded vs DataNucleus with DB4O embedded

Each of the following tables focuses on a specific database operation, where the last table presents average results comparison.

Speed comparison of JPA database persistence operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	OpenJPA HSQLDB embedded	DataNucleus DB4O embedded	OpenJPA HSQLDB embedded	DataNucleus DB4O embedded	OpenJPA HSQLDB embedded	DataNucleus DB4O embedded
Basic Person Test	13.3	0.059	6.9	1.3	10.1	0.69
Element Collection Test	8.6	0.045	5.3	1.0	7.0	0.52
Inheritance Test	12.2	0.051	5.8	0.85	9.0	0.45
Indexing Test	16.7	0.080	9.1	2.3	12.9	1.2
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	6.1	failed	7.3	failed	6.7	failed
Multithreading Test	26.8	failed	7.0	failed	16.9	failed
All Tests	13.9	0.059	6.9	1.4	10.4	0.71

DataNucleus with DB4O embedded has failed in 4 tests (see exceptions).

The results above show that in general OpenJPA with HSQLDB embedded is much more efficient than DataNucleus with DB4O embedded in persisting JPA entity objects to the database. Comparing the normalized speed of DataNucleus with DB4O embedded database (0.71) to the normalized speed of OpenJPA with HSQLDB embedded database (10.4) reveals that in these tests, OpenJPA with HSQLDB embedded is 14.6 times faster than DataNucleus with DB4O embedded.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using class inheritance in the object model with small transaction size. Comparing the normalized speed of DataNucleus with DB4O embedded database (0.051) to the normalized speed of OpenJPA with HSQLDB embedded database (12.2) reveals that in that case, OpenJPA with HSQLDB embedded is 239 times faster than DataNucleus with DB4O embedded.

Speed comparison of JPA database retrieval operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Retrieval Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	OpenJPA HSQLDB embedded	DataNucleus DB4O embedded	OpenJPA HSQLDB embedded	DataNucleus DB4O embedded	OpenJPA HSQLDB embedded	DataNucleus DB4O embedded
Basic Person Test	21.8	0.0047	30.1	1.8	25.9	0.90
Element Collection Test	0.0068	0.0038	4.5	1.5	2.2	0.77
Inheritance Test	0.0025	0.0035	2.0	2.2	0.98	1.1
Indexing Test	22.1	0.0043	43.6	1.8	32.9	0.89
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	2.1	failed	2.1	failed	2.1	failed
Multithreading Test	20.9	failed	23.5	failed	22.2	failed
All Tests	11.1	0.0041	17.6	1.8	14.4	0.91

DataNucleus with DB4O embedded has failed in 4 tests (see exceptions).

The results above show that in general OpenJPA with HSQLDB embedded is much more efficient than DataNucleus with DB4O embedded in retrieving JPA entity objects from the database. Comparing the normalized speed of DataNucleus with DB4O embedded database (0.91) to the normalized speed of OpenJPA with HSQLDB embedded database (14.4) reveals that in these tests, OpenJPA with HSQLDB embedded is 15.8 times faster than DataNucleus with DB4O embedded.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using database indexes with small retrieval size. Comparing the normalized speed of DataNucleus with DB4O embedded database (0.0043) to the normalized speed of OpenJPA with HSQLDB embedded database (22.1) reveals that in that case, OpenJPA with HSQLDB embedded is 5,140 times faster than DataNucleus with DB4O embedded.

Speed comparison of JPA database query operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Retrieval Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	OpenJPA HSQLDB embedded	DataNucleus DB4O embedded	OpenJPA HSQLDB embedded	DataNucleus DB4O embedded	OpenJPA HSQLDB embedded	DataNucleus DB4O embedded
Basic Person Test	2.8	failed	0.91	failed	1.9	failed
Element Collection Test	1.4	failed	0.95	failed	1.2	failed
Inheritance Test	2.4	failed	1.3	failed	1.8	failed
Indexing Test	15.4	failed	34.3	failed	24.9	failed
Multithreading Test	1.4	failed	0.53	failed	0.95	failed
All Tests	4.7	failed	7.6	failed	6.1	failed

DataNucleus with DB4O embedded has failed in 10 tests (see exceptions).

Speed comparison of JPA database update operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	OpenJPA HSQLDB embedded	DataNucleus DB4O embedded	OpenJPA HSQLDB embedded	DataNucleus DB4O embedded	OpenJPA HSQLDB embedded	DataNucleus DB4O embedded
Basic Person Test	12.0	0.012	5.3	0.76	8.6	0.39
Element Collection Test	0.017	0.012	3.7	1.1	1.8	0.53
Inheritance Test	0.0098	0.011	2.0	0.81	0.99	0.41
Indexing Test	9.3	0.011	5.5	1.3	7.4	0.64
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	2.5	failed	1.6	failed	2.1	failed
Multithreading Test	20.0	failed	3.7	failed	11.8	failed
All Tests	7.3	0.012	3.6	0.97	5.5	0.49

DataNucleus with DB4O embedded has failed in 4 tests (see exceptions).

The results above show that in general OpenJPA with HSQLDB embedded is much more efficient than DataNucleus with DB4O embedded in updating JPA entity objects in the database. Comparing the normalized speed of DataNucleus with DB4O embedded database (0.49) to the normalized speed of OpenJPA with HSQLDB embedded database (5.5) reveals that in these tests, OpenJPA with HSQLDB embedded is 11.2 times faster than DataNucleus with DB4O embedded.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using simple basic entities with small transaction size. Comparing the normalized speed of DataNucleus with DB4O embedded database (0.012) to the normalized speed of OpenJPA with HSQLDB embedded database (12.0) reveals that in that case, OpenJPA with HSQLDB embedded is 1,000 times faster than DataNucleus with DB4O embedded.

Speed comparison of JPA database removal operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	OpenJPA HSQLDB embedded	DataNucleus DB4O embedded	OpenJPA HSQLDB embedded	DataNucleus DB4O embedded	OpenJPA HSQLDB embedded	DataNucleus DB4O embedded
Basic Person Test	21.3	0.011	15.7	1.5	18.5	0.74
Element Collection Test	0.011	0.010	2.9	1.6	1.5	0.80
Inheritance Test	0.0070	0.0093	3.5	1.1	1.8	0.57
Indexing Test	28.8	0.017	15.2	2.1	22.0	1.1
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	2.9	failed	3.6	failed	3.2	failed
Multithreading Test	26.0	failed	19.6	failed	22.8	failed
All Tests	13.2	0.012	10.1	1.6	11.6	0.79

DataNucleus with DB4O embedded has failed in 4 tests (see exceptions).

The results above show that in general OpenJPA with HSQLDB embedded is much more efficient than DataNucleus with DB4O embedded in deleting JPA entity objects from the database. Comparing the normalized speed of DataNucleus with DB4O embedded database (0.79) to the normalized speed of OpenJPA with HSQLDB embedded database (11.6) reveals that in these tests, OpenJPA with HSQLDB embedded is 14.7 times faster than DataNucleus with DB4O embedded.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using simple basic entities with small transaction size. Comparing the normalized speed of DataNucleus with DB4O embedded database (0.011) to the normalized speed of OpenJPA with HSQLDB embedded database (21.3) reveals that in that case, OpenJPA with HSQLDB embedded is 1,936 times faster than DataNucleus with DB4O embedded.

Comparison of database storage efficiency (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	OpenJPA HSQLDB embedded	DataNucleus DB4O embedded	OpenJPA HSQLDB embedded	DataNucleus DB4O embedded	OpenJPA HSQLDB embedded	DataNucleus DB4O embedded
Basic Person Test	41.4	35.1	41.4	35.4	41.4	35.2
Element Collection Test	46.9	29.5	46.9	29.9	46.9	29.7
Inheritance Test	41.4	33.4	41.4	33.5	41.4	33.4
Indexing Test	48.4	41.0	49.2	41.9	48.8	41.5
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	28.5	failed	21.4	failed	25.0	failed
Multithreading Test	51.9	failed	10.3	failed	31.1	failed
All Tests	43.1	34.8	35.1	35.2	39.1	35.0

DataNucleus with DB4O embedded has failed in 4 tests (see exceptions).

The results above show that in general OpenJPA with HSQLDB embedded is slightly more efficient than DataNucleus with DB4O embedded in using disk space.

Comparison of JPA/Database speed - the averages (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction/Retrieval Size	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	OpenJPA HSQLDB embedded	DataNucleus DB4O embedded	OpenJPA HSQLDB embedded	DataNucleus DB4O embedded	OpenJPA HSQLDB embedded	DataNucleus DB4O embedded
Basic Person Test	14.3	0.022	11.8	1.3	13.0	0.68
Element Collection Test	2.0	0.018	3.5	1.3	2.7	0.66
Inheritance Test	2.9	0.019	2.9	1.2	2.9	0.63
Indexing Test	18.5	0.028	21.6	1.9	20.0	0.94
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	3.4	failed	3.7	failed	3.5	failed
Multithreading Test	19.0	failed	10.9	failed	14.9	failed
All Tests	10.2	0.022	9.2	1.4	9.7	0.73

The results above show that in general OpenJPA with HSQLDB embedded is much more efficient than DataNucleus with DB4O embedded in performing JPA database operations. Comparing the normalized speed of DataNucleus with DB4O embedded database (0.73) to the normalized speed of OpenJPA with HSQLDB embedded database (9.7) reveals that in these tests, OpenJPA with HSQLDB embedded is 13.3 times faster than DataNucleus with DB4O embedded.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using database indexes with small transaction/retrieval size. Comparing the normalized speed of DataNucleus with DB4O embedded database (0.028) to the normalized speed of OpenJPA with HSQLDB embedded database (18.5) reveals that in that case, OpenJPA with HSQLDB embedded is 661 times faster than DataNucleus with DB4O embedded.

Other Head to Head DBMS/JPA Comparisons

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