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JPA Performance Benchmark (JPAB)

Comparison of EclipseLink with HSQLDB server vs OpenJPA with PostgreSQL server

Each of the following tables focuses on a specific database operation, where the last table presents average results comparison.

Speed comparison of JPA database persistence operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	EclipseLink HSQLDB server	OpenJPA PostgreSQL server	EclipseLink HSQLDB server	OpenJPA PostgreSQL server	EclipseLink HSQLDB server	OpenJPA PostgreSQL server
Basic Person Test	12.2	6.0	20.9	7.0	16.6	6.5
Element Collection Test	11.6	6.8	failed	6.7	11.6	6.7
Inheritance Test	failed	4.0	failed	7.5	failed	5.7
Indexing Test	failed	7.2	failed	9.3	failed	8.3
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	failed	2.4	failed	2.5	failed	2.5
Multithreading Test	failed	7.6	failed	0.0000	failed	3.8
All Tests	11.9	5.7	20.9	5.5	14.9	5.6

EclipseLink with HSQLDB server has failed in 9 tests (see exceptions).

Speed comparison of JPA database retrieval operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Retrieval Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	EclipseLink HSQLDB server	OpenJPA PostgreSQL server	EclipseLink HSQLDB server	OpenJPA PostgreSQL server	EclipseLink HSQLDB server	OpenJPA PostgreSQL server
Basic Person Test	2.6	2.1	14.6	10.3	8.6	6.2
Element Collection Test	1.4	0.40	failed	8.9	1.4	4.6
Inheritance Test	failed	2.2	failed	8.2	failed	5.2
Indexing Test	failed	1.6	failed	12.4	failed	7.0
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	failed	0.12	failed	0.18	failed	0.15
Multithreading Test	failed	3.7	failed	6.4	failed	5.0
All Tests	2.0	1.7	14.6	7.7	6.2	4.7

EclipseLink with HSQLDB server has failed in 9 tests (see exceptions).

Speed comparison of JPA database query operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Retrieval Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	EclipseLink HSQLDB server	OpenJPA PostgreSQL server	EclipseLink HSQLDB server	OpenJPA PostgreSQL server	EclipseLink HSQLDB server	OpenJPA PostgreSQL server
Basic Person Test	0.53	failed	3.0	failed	1.8	failed
Element Collection Test	0.98	failed	failed	failed	0.98	failed
Inheritance Test	failed	failed	failed	failed	failed	failed
Indexing Test	failed	failed	failed	failed	failed	failed
Multithreading Test	failed	failed	failed	failed	failed	failed
All Tests	0.75	failed	3.0	failed	1.5	failed

EclipseLink with HSQLDB server has failed in 7 tests (see exceptions). OpenJPA with PostgreSQL server has failed in 10 tests (see exceptions).

Speed comparison of JPA database update operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	EclipseLink HSQLDB server	OpenJPA PostgreSQL server	EclipseLink HSQLDB server	OpenJPA PostgreSQL server	EclipseLink HSQLDB server	OpenJPA PostgreSQL server
Basic Person Test	1.9	1.2	7.5	3.4	4.7	2.3
Element Collection Test	3.1	1.5	failed	3.8	3.1	2.6
Inheritance Test	failed	1.2	failed	3.8	failed	2.5
Indexing Test	failed	3.9	failed	4.6	failed	4.3
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	failed	0.45	failed	0.28	failed	0.36
Multithreading Test	failed	0.92	failed	0.34	failed	0.63
All Tests	2.5	1.5	7.5	2.7	4.2	2.1

EclipseLink with HSQLDB server has failed in 9 tests (see exceptions).

Speed comparison of JPA database removal operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	EclipseLink HSQLDB server	OpenJPA PostgreSQL server	EclipseLink HSQLDB server	OpenJPA PostgreSQL server	EclipseLink HSQLDB server	OpenJPA PostgreSQL server
Basic Person Test	9.5	8.2	33.1	10.9	21.3	9.6
Element Collection Test	6.7	5.4	failed	2.4	6.7	3.9
Inheritance Test	failed	8.5	failed	5.7	failed	7.1
Indexing Test	failed	14.1	failed	6.2	failed	10.2
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	failed	4.5	failed	7.5	failed	6.0
Multithreading Test	failed	6.8	failed	0.0000	failed	3.4
All Tests	8.1	7.9	33.1	5.5	16.4	6.7

EclipseLink with HSQLDB server has failed in 9 tests (see exceptions).

Comparison of JPA/Database speed - the averages (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction/Retrieval Size	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	EclipseLink HSQLDB server	OpenJPA PostgreSQL server	EclipseLink HSQLDB server	OpenJPA PostgreSQL server	EclipseLink HSQLDB server	OpenJPA PostgreSQL server
Basic Person Test	5.4	4.4	15.8	7.9	10.6	6.1
Element Collection Test	4.8	3.5	failed	5.4	4.8	4.5
Inheritance Test	failed	4.0	failed	6.3	failed	5.1
Indexing Test	failed	6.7	failed	8.1	failed	7.4
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	failed	1.9	failed	2.6	failed	2.3
Multithreading Test	failed	4.8	failed	1.7	failed	3.2
All Tests	5.1	4.2	15.8	5.3	8.6	4.8

The results above show that in general EclipseLink with HSQLDB server is more efficient than OpenJPA with PostgreSQL server in performing JPA database operations.

A large performance gap has been detected when using simple basic entities with large transaction/retrieval size. Comparing the normalized speed of OpenJPA with PostgreSQL database server (7.9) to the normalized speed of EclipseLink with HSQLDB database server (15.8) reveals that in that case, EclipseLink with HSQLDB server is 2.0 times faster than OpenJPA with PostgreSQL server.

Other Head to Head DBMS/JPA Comparisons

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The benchmark program is released as open source under the GPL license.