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Comparison of Hibernate with Derby embedded vs DataNucleus with DB4O embedded

Each of the following tables focuses on a specific database operation, where the last table presents average results comparison.

Speed comparison of JPA database persistence operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction Size =>Few EntitiesMany EntitiesAverage Score
 Hibernate
Derby embedded
DataNucleus
DB4O embedded
Hibernate
Derby embedded
DataNucleus
DB4O embedded
Hibernate
Derby embedded
DataNucleus
DB4O embedded
Basic Person Test5.90.0593.81.34.90.69
Element Collection Test2.90.0451.81.02.30.52
Inheritance Test5.30.0513.70.854.50.45
Indexing Test7.00.0804.82.35.91.2
Graph (Binary Tree) Test1.9failed1.7failed1.8failed
Multithreading Test10.5failed3.7failed7.1failed
All Tests5.60.0593.31.44.40.71

DataNucleus with DB4O embedded has failed in 4 tests (see exceptions).

The results above show that in general Hibernate with Derby embedded is much more efficient than DataNucleus with DB4O embedded in persisting JPA entity objects to the database. Comparing the normalized speed of DataNucleus with DB4O embedded database (0.71) to the normalized speed of Hibernate with Derby embedded database (4.4) reveals that in these tests, Hibernate with Derby embedded is 6.2 times faster than DataNucleus with DB4O embedded.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using class inheritance in the object model with small transaction size. Comparing the normalized speed of DataNucleus with DB4O embedded database (0.051) to the normalized speed of Hibernate with Derby embedded database (5.3) reveals that in that case, Hibernate with Derby embedded is 104 times faster than DataNucleus with DB4O embedded.

Speed comparison of JPA database retrieval operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Retrieval Size =>Few EntitiesMany EntitiesAverage Score
 Hibernate
Derby embedded
DataNucleus
DB4O embedded
Hibernate
Derby embedded
DataNucleus
DB4O embedded
Hibernate
Derby embedded
DataNucleus
DB4O embedded
Basic Person Test14.20.004716.41.815.30.90
Element Collection Test4.40.00384.91.54.60.77
Inheritance Test10.30.003518.62.214.41.1
Indexing Test10.00.004316.41.813.20.89
Graph (Binary Tree) Test2.6failed3.0failed2.8failed
Multithreading Test19.3failed19.3failed19.3failed
All Tests10.10.004113.11.811.60.91

DataNucleus with DB4O embedded has failed in 4 tests (see exceptions).

The results above show that in general Hibernate with Derby embedded is much more efficient than DataNucleus with DB4O embedded in retrieving JPA entity objects from the database. Comparing the normalized speed of DataNucleus with DB4O embedded database (0.91) to the normalized speed of Hibernate with Derby embedded database (11.6) reveals that in these tests, Hibernate with Derby embedded is 12.7 times faster than DataNucleus with DB4O embedded.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using simple basic entities with small retrieval size. Comparing the normalized speed of DataNucleus with DB4O embedded database (0.0047) to the normalized speed of Hibernate with Derby embedded database (14.2) reveals that in that case, Hibernate with Derby embedded is 3,021 times faster than DataNucleus with DB4O embedded.

Speed comparison of JPA database query operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Retrieval Size =>Few EntitiesMany EntitiesAverage Score
 Hibernate
Derby embedded
DataNucleus
DB4O embedded
Hibernate
Derby embedded
DataNucleus
DB4O embedded
Hibernate
Derby embedded
DataNucleus
DB4O embedded
Basic Person Test49.3failed6.8failed28.1failed
Element Collection Test37.6failed2.7failed20.1failed
Inheritance Test24.1failed7.6failed15.9failed
Indexing Test5.3failed14.8failed10.1failed
Multithreading Test39.7failed6.1failed22.9failed
All Tests31.2failed7.6failed19.4failed

DataNucleus with DB4O embedded has failed in 10 tests (see exceptions).

Speed comparison of JPA database update operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction Size =>Few EntitiesMany EntitiesAverage Score
 Hibernate
Derby embedded
DataNucleus
DB4O embedded
Hibernate
Derby embedded
DataNucleus
DB4O embedded
Hibernate
Derby embedded
DataNucleus
DB4O embedded
Basic Person Test4.50.0123.20.763.80.39
Element Collection Test3.90.0123.11.13.50.53
Inheritance Test4.60.0114.50.814.50.41
Indexing Test4.60.0115.51.35.10.64
Graph (Binary Tree) Test2.7failed1.2failed2.0failed
Multithreading Test11.6failed2.6failed7.1failed
All Tests5.30.0123.30.974.30.49

DataNucleus with DB4O embedded has failed in 4 tests (see exceptions).

The results above show that in general Hibernate with Derby embedded is much more efficient than DataNucleus with DB4O embedded in updating JPA entity objects in the database. Comparing the normalized speed of DataNucleus with DB4O embedded database (0.49) to the normalized speed of Hibernate with Derby embedded database (4.3) reveals that in these tests, Hibernate with Derby embedded is 8.8 times faster than DataNucleus with DB4O embedded.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using class inheritance in the object model with small transaction size. Comparing the normalized speed of DataNucleus with DB4O embedded database (0.011) to the normalized speed of Hibernate with Derby embedded database (4.6) reveals that in that case, Hibernate with Derby embedded is 418 times faster than DataNucleus with DB4O embedded.

Speed comparison of JPA database removal operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction Size =>Few EntitiesMany EntitiesAverage Score
 Hibernate
Derby embedded
DataNucleus
DB4O embedded
Hibernate
Derby embedded
DataNucleus
DB4O embedded
Hibernate
Derby embedded
DataNucleus
DB4O embedded
Basic Person Test3.80.0114.21.54.00.74
Element Collection Test2.30.0101.51.61.90.80
Inheritance Test4.00.00934.31.14.20.57
Indexing Test5.50.0173.62.14.61.1
Graph (Binary Tree) Test0.74failed0.96failed0.85failed
Multithreading Test5.6failed4.9failed5.3failed
All Tests3.70.0123.31.63.50.79

DataNucleus with DB4O embedded has failed in 4 tests (see exceptions).

The results above show that in general Hibernate with Derby embedded is much more efficient than DataNucleus with DB4O embedded in deleting JPA entity objects from the database. Comparing the normalized speed of DataNucleus with DB4O embedded database (0.79) to the normalized speed of Hibernate with Derby embedded database (3.5) reveals that in these tests, Hibernate with Derby embedded is 4.4 times faster than DataNucleus with DB4O embedded.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using class inheritance in the object model with small transaction size. Comparing the normalized speed of DataNucleus with DB4O embedded database (0.0093) to the normalized speed of Hibernate with Derby embedded database (4.0) reveals that in that case, Hibernate with Derby embedded is 430 times faster than DataNucleus with DB4O embedded.

Comparison of database storage efficiency (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction Size =>Few EntitiesMany EntitiesAverage Score
 Hibernate
Derby embedded
DataNucleus
DB4O embedded
Hibernate
Derby embedded
DataNucleus
DB4O embedded
Hibernate
Derby embedded
DataNucleus
DB4O embedded
Basic Person Test52.735.152.735.452.735.2
Element Collection Test42.329.542.329.942.329.7
Inheritance Test49.233.449.233.549.233.4
Indexing Test53.041.053.941.953.441.5
Graph (Binary Tree) Test13.1failed9.8failed11.5failed
Multithreading Test49.3failed8.8failed29.0failed
All Tests43.334.836.135.239.735.0

DataNucleus with DB4O embedded has failed in 4 tests (see exceptions).

The results above show that in general Hibernate with Derby embedded is slightly more efficient than DataNucleus with DB4O embedded in using disk space.

Comparison of JPA/Database speed - the averages (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction/Retrieval SizeFew EntitiesMany EntitiesAverage Score
 Hibernate
Derby embedded
DataNucleus
DB4O embedded
Hibernate
Derby embedded
DataNucleus
DB4O embedded
Hibernate
Derby embedded
DataNucleus
DB4O embedded
Basic Person Test15.50.0226.91.311.20.68
Element Collection Test10.20.0182.81.36.50.66
Inheritance Test9.70.0197.71.28.70.63
Indexing Test6.50.0289.01.97.80.94
Graph (Binary Tree) Test2.0failed1.7failed1.8failed
Multithreading Test17.3failed7.3failed12.3failed
All Tests10.50.0226.11.48.30.73

The results above show that in general Hibernate with Derby embedded is much more efficient than DataNucleus with DB4O embedded in performing JPA database operations. Comparing the normalized speed of DataNucleus with DB4O embedded database (0.73) to the normalized speed of Hibernate with Derby embedded database (8.3) reveals that in these tests, Hibernate with Derby embedded is 11.4 times faster than DataNucleus with DB4O embedded.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using simple basic entities with small transaction/retrieval size. Comparing the normalized speed of DataNucleus with DB4O embedded database (0.022) to the normalized speed of Hibernate with Derby embedded database (15.5) reveals that in that case, Hibernate with Derby embedded is 705 times faster than DataNucleus with DB4O embedded.

Other Head to Head DBMS/JPA Comparisons