• Benchmark
• Results
• Comparison

JPA Performance Benchmark (JPAB)

Comparison of Hibernate with SQLite embedded vs OpenJPA with H2 embedded

Each of the following tables focuses on a specific database operation, where the last table presents average results comparison.

Speed comparison of JPA database persistence operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	Hibernate SQLite embedded	OpenJPA H2 embedded	Hibernate SQLite embedded	OpenJPA H2 embedded	Hibernate SQLite embedded	OpenJPA H2 embedded
Basic Person Test	0.083	17.1	1.0	5.8	0.55	11.5
Element Collection Test	0.067	10.9	0.69	4.9	0.38	7.9
Inheritance Test	0.080	14.3	0.99	5.9	0.54	10.1
Indexing Test	0.098	24.4	1.0	13.7	0.55	19.1
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	0.27	6.8	0.96	6.7	0.61	6.7
Multithreading Test	failed	34.2	failed	10.2	failed	22.2
All Tests	0.12	17.9	0.93	7.9	0.53	12.9

Hibernate with SQLite embedded has failed in 2 tests (see exceptions).

The results above show that in general OpenJPA with H2 embedded is much more efficient than Hibernate with SQLite embedded in persisting JPA entity objects to the database. Comparing the normalized speed of Hibernate with SQLite embedded database (0.53) to the normalized speed of OpenJPA with H2 embedded database (12.9) reveals that in these tests, OpenJPA with H2 embedded is 24.3 times faster than Hibernate with SQLite embedded.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using database indexes with small transaction size. Comparing the normalized speed of Hibernate with SQLite embedded database (0.098) to the normalized speed of OpenJPA with H2 embedded database (24.4) reveals that in that case, OpenJPA with H2 embedded is 249 times faster than Hibernate with SQLite embedded.

Speed comparison of JPA database retrieval operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Retrieval Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	Hibernate SQLite embedded	OpenJPA H2 embedded	Hibernate SQLite embedded	OpenJPA H2 embedded	Hibernate SQLite embedded	OpenJPA H2 embedded
Basic Person Test	1.8	14.6	1.3	27.2	1.5	20.9
Element Collection Test	0.0008	0.0046	failed	4.3	0.0008	2.1
Inheritance Test	2.4	0.011	1.4	7.4	1.9	3.7
Indexing Test	1.9	17.0	2.3	35.0	2.1	26.0
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	0.56	1.0	0.88	1.4	0.72	1.2
Multithreading Test	failed	18.7	failed	27.6	failed	23.1
All Tests	1.3	8.6	1.5	17.1	1.4	12.8

Hibernate with SQLite embedded has failed in 3 tests (see exceptions).

The results above show that in general OpenJPA with H2 embedded is much more efficient than Hibernate with SQLite embedded in retrieving JPA entity objects from the database. Comparing the normalized speed of Hibernate with SQLite embedded database (1.4) to the normalized speed of OpenJPA with H2 embedded database (12.8) reveals that in these tests, OpenJPA with H2 embedded is 9.1 times faster than Hibernate with SQLite embedded.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using simple basic entities with large retrieval size. Comparing the normalized speed of Hibernate with SQLite embedded database (1.3) to the normalized speed of OpenJPA with H2 embedded database (27.2) reveals that in that case, OpenJPA with H2 embedded is 20.9 times faster than Hibernate with SQLite embedded.

On the other hand, OpenJPA with H2 embedded is slower, for instance, when using class inheritance in the object model with small retrieval size. Comparing the normalized speed of OpenJPA with H2 embedded database (0.011) to the normalized speed of Hibernate with SQLite embedded database (2.4) reveals that in that case, OpenJPA with H2 embedded is 218 times slower than Hibernate with SQLite embedded.

Speed comparison of JPA database query operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Retrieval Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	Hibernate SQLite embedded	OpenJPA H2 embedded	Hibernate SQLite embedded	OpenJPA H2 embedded	Hibernate SQLite embedded	OpenJPA H2 embedded
Basic Person Test	1.1	5.0	0.22	1.1	0.65	3.1
Element Collection Test	0.39	1.7	failed	1.3	0.39	1.5
Inheritance Test	0.53	2.2	0.28	1.2	0.40	1.7
Indexing Test	0.0011	13.8	0.43	23.2	0.21	18.5
Multithreading Test	failed	1.4	failed	0.60	failed	0.99
All Tests	0.50	4.8	0.31	5.5	0.42	5.1

Hibernate with SQLite embedded has failed in 3 tests (see exceptions).

The results above show that in general OpenJPA with H2 embedded is much more efficient than Hibernate with SQLite embedded in executing the tested JPA queries. Comparing the normalized speed of Hibernate with SQLite embedded database (0.42) to the normalized speed of OpenJPA with H2 embedded database (5.1) reveals that in these tests, OpenJPA with H2 embedded is 12.1 times faster than Hibernate with SQLite embedded.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using database indexes with small retrieval size. Comparing the normalized speed of Hibernate with SQLite embedded database (0.0011) to the normalized speed of OpenJPA with H2 embedded database (13.8) reveals that in that case, OpenJPA with H2 embedded is 12,545 times faster than Hibernate with SQLite embedded.

Speed comparison of JPA database update operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	Hibernate SQLite embedded	OpenJPA H2 embedded	Hibernate SQLite embedded	OpenJPA H2 embedded	Hibernate SQLite embedded	OpenJPA H2 embedded
Basic Person Test	0.076	10.0	0.65	6.0	0.37	8.0
Element Collection Test	0.0022	0.011	failed	3.8	0.0022	1.9
Inheritance Test	0.079	0.046	0.97	5.0	0.53	2.5
Indexing Test	0.057	8.9	0.54	7.0	0.30	8.0
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	0.26	2.4	0.42	1.3	0.34	1.9
Multithreading Test	failed	16.6	failed	4.3	failed	10.4
All Tests	0.094	6.3	0.65	4.6	0.34	5.4

Hibernate with SQLite embedded has failed in 3 tests (see exceptions).

The results above show that in general OpenJPA with H2 embedded is much more efficient than Hibernate with SQLite embedded in updating JPA entity objects in the database. Comparing the normalized speed of Hibernate with SQLite embedded database (0.34) to the normalized speed of OpenJPA with H2 embedded database (5.4) reveals that in these tests, OpenJPA with H2 embedded is 15.9 times faster than Hibernate with SQLite embedded.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using database indexes with small transaction size. Comparing the normalized speed of Hibernate with SQLite embedded database (0.057) to the normalized speed of OpenJPA with H2 embedded database (8.9) reveals that in that case, OpenJPA with H2 embedded is 156 times faster than Hibernate with SQLite embedded.

Speed comparison of JPA database removal operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	Hibernate SQLite embedded	OpenJPA H2 embedded	Hibernate SQLite embedded	OpenJPA H2 embedded	Hibernate SQLite embedded	OpenJPA H2 embedded
Basic Person Test	0.061	18.3	0.91	11.1	0.49	14.7
Element Collection Test	0.0007	0.012	failed	2.9	0.0007	1.4
Inheritance Test	0.058	0.030	0.90	6.6	0.48	3.3
Indexing Test	0.079	23.2	0.54	9.7	0.31	16.4
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	0.24	1.8	0.80	2.4	0.52	2.1
Multithreading Test	failed	31.2	failed	17.3	failed	24.2
All Tests	0.088	12.4	0.79	8.3	0.40	10.4

Hibernate with SQLite embedded has failed in 3 tests (see exceptions).

The results above show that in general OpenJPA with H2 embedded is much more efficient than Hibernate with SQLite embedded in deleting JPA entity objects from the database. Comparing the normalized speed of Hibernate with SQLite embedded database (0.40) to the normalized speed of OpenJPA with H2 embedded database (10.4) reveals that in these tests, OpenJPA with H2 embedded is 26.0 times faster than Hibernate with SQLite embedded.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using simple basic entities with small transaction size. Comparing the normalized speed of Hibernate with SQLite embedded database (0.061) to the normalized speed of OpenJPA with H2 embedded database (18.3) reveals that in that case, OpenJPA with H2 embedded is 300 times faster than Hibernate with SQLite embedded.

Comparison of database storage efficiency (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	Hibernate SQLite embedded	OpenJPA H2 embedded	Hibernate SQLite embedded	OpenJPA H2 embedded	Hibernate SQLite embedded	OpenJPA H2 embedded
Basic Person Test	90.2	27.0	90.2	27.0	90.2	27.0
Element Collection Test	82.0	30.6	82.0	30.6	82.0	30.6
Inheritance Test	80.5	27.0	80.5	27.0	80.5	27.0
Indexing Test	93.4	31.6	94.8	32.1	94.1	31.9
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	67.9	28.5	50.9	21.4	59.4	24.9
Multithreading Test	failed	33.9	failed	9.2	failed	21.5
All Tests	82.8	29.8	79.7	24.5	81.2	27.2

Hibernate with SQLite embedded has failed in 2 tests (see exceptions).

The results above show that in general Hibernate with SQLite embedded is more efficient than OpenJPA with H2 embedded in using disk space. Comparing the normalized score of OpenJPA with H2 embedded database (27.2) to the normalized score of Hibernate with SQLite embedded database (81.2) reveals that in these tests, Hibernate with SQLite embedded is 3.0 times more efficient than OpenJPA with H2 embedded.

A large gap has been detected when using simple basic entities with small transaction size. Comparing the normalized score of OpenJPA with H2 embedded database (27.0) to the normalized score of Hibernate with SQLite embedded database (90.2) reveals that in that case, Hibernate with SQLite embedded is 3.3 times more efficient than OpenJPA with H2 embedded.

Comparison of JPA/Database speed - the averages (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction/Retrieval Size	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	Hibernate SQLite embedded	OpenJPA H2 embedded	Hibernate SQLite embedded	OpenJPA H2 embedded	Hibernate SQLite embedded	OpenJPA H2 embedded
Basic Person Test	0.63	13.0	0.81	10.2	0.72	11.6
Element Collection Test	0.092	2.5	0.69	3.4	0.19	3.0
Inheritance Test	0.63	3.3	0.91	5.2	0.77	4.3
Indexing Test	0.42	17.5	0.96	17.7	0.69	17.6
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	0.33	3.0	0.77	3.0	0.55	3.0
Multithreading Test	failed	20.4	failed	12.0	failed	16.2
All Tests	0.42	10.2	0.86	8.8	0.62	9.5

The results above show that in general OpenJPA with H2 embedded is much more efficient than Hibernate with SQLite embedded in performing JPA database operations. Comparing the normalized speed of Hibernate with SQLite embedded database (0.62) to the normalized speed of OpenJPA with H2 embedded database (9.5) reveals that in these tests, OpenJPA with H2 embedded is 15.3 times faster than Hibernate with SQLite embedded.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using database indexes with small transaction/retrieval size. Comparing the normalized speed of Hibernate with SQLite embedded database (0.42) to the normalized speed of OpenJPA with H2 embedded database (17.5) reveals that in that case, OpenJPA with H2 embedded is 41.7 times faster than Hibernate with SQLite embedded.

Other Head to Head DBMS/JPA Comparisons

JPA Performance Benchmark - Copyright © 2010, 2011, 2012 ObjectDB Software Ltd. - All rights reserved.
The benchmark program is released as open source under the GPL license.