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JPA Performance Benchmark (JPAB)

Comparison of EclipseLink with HSQLDB embedded vs Hibernate with SQLite embedded

Each of the following tables focuses on a specific database operation, where the last table presents average results comparison.

Speed comparison of JPA database persistence operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	EclipseLink HSQLDB embedded	Hibernate SQLite embedded	EclipseLink HSQLDB embedded	Hibernate SQLite embedded	EclipseLink HSQLDB embedded	Hibernate SQLite embedded
Basic Person Test	27.1	0.083	17.2	1.0	22.2	0.55
Element Collection Test	17.2	0.067	8.2	0.69	12.7	0.38
Inheritance Test	26.7	0.080	11.9	0.99	19.3	0.54
Indexing Test	30.6	0.098	18.6	1.0	24.6	0.55
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	20.0	0.27	15.9	0.96	18.0	0.61
Multithreading Test	32.5	failed	11.4	failed	22.0	failed
All Tests	25.7	0.12	13.9	0.93	19.8	0.53

Hibernate with SQLite embedded has failed in 2 tests (see exceptions).

The results above show that in general EclipseLink with HSQLDB embedded is much more efficient than Hibernate with SQLite embedded in persisting JPA entity objects to the database. Comparing the normalized speed of Hibernate with SQLite embedded database (0.53) to the normalized speed of EclipseLink with HSQLDB embedded database (19.8) reveals that in these tests, EclipseLink with HSQLDB embedded is 37.4 times faster than Hibernate with SQLite embedded.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using class inheritance in the object model with small transaction size. Comparing the normalized speed of Hibernate with SQLite embedded database (0.080) to the normalized speed of EclipseLink with HSQLDB embedded database (26.7) reveals that in that case, EclipseLink with HSQLDB embedded is 334 times faster than Hibernate with SQLite embedded.

Speed comparison of JPA database retrieval operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Retrieval Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	EclipseLink HSQLDB embedded	Hibernate SQLite embedded	EclipseLink HSQLDB embedded	Hibernate SQLite embedded	EclipseLink HSQLDB embedded	Hibernate SQLite embedded
Basic Person Test	24.4	1.8	36.0	1.3	30.2	1.5
Element Collection Test	14.9	0.0008	19.1	failed	17.0	0.0008
Inheritance Test	22.8	2.4	40.0	1.4	31.4	1.9
Indexing Test	20.7	1.9	38.7	2.3	29.7	2.1
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	8.7	0.56	14.2	0.88	11.4	0.72
Multithreading Test	24.2	failed	28.0	failed	26.1	failed
All Tests	19.3	1.3	29.3	1.5	24.3	1.4

Hibernate with SQLite embedded has failed in 3 tests (see exceptions).

The results above show that in general EclipseLink with HSQLDB embedded is much more efficient than Hibernate with SQLite embedded in retrieving JPA entity objects from the database. Comparing the normalized speed of Hibernate with SQLite embedded database (1.4) to the normalized speed of EclipseLink with HSQLDB embedded database (24.3) reveals that in these tests, EclipseLink with HSQLDB embedded is 17.4 times faster than Hibernate with SQLite embedded.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using JPA element collections with small retrieval size. Comparing the normalized speed of Hibernate with SQLite embedded database (0.0008) to the normalized speed of EclipseLink with HSQLDB embedded database (14.9) reveals that in that case, EclipseLink with HSQLDB embedded is 18,625 times faster than Hibernate with SQLite embedded.

Speed comparison of JPA database query operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Retrieval Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	EclipseLink HSQLDB embedded	Hibernate SQLite embedded	EclipseLink HSQLDB embedded	Hibernate SQLite embedded	EclipseLink HSQLDB embedded	Hibernate SQLite embedded
Basic Person Test	2.9	1.1	0.88	0.22	1.9	0.65
Element Collection Test	3.2	0.39	1.4	failed	2.3	0.39
Inheritance Test	2.6	0.53	1.1	0.28	1.9	0.40
Indexing Test	21.5	0.0011	33.3	0.43	27.4	0.21
Multithreading Test	1.1	failed	0.52	failed	0.82	failed
All Tests	6.3	0.50	7.4	0.31	6.9	0.42

Hibernate with SQLite embedded has failed in 3 tests (see exceptions).

The results above show that in general EclipseLink with HSQLDB embedded is much more efficient than Hibernate with SQLite embedded in executing the tested JPA queries. Comparing the normalized speed of Hibernate with SQLite embedded database (0.42) to the normalized speed of EclipseLink with HSQLDB embedded database (6.9) reveals that in these tests, EclipseLink with HSQLDB embedded is 16.4 times faster than Hibernate with SQLite embedded.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using database indexes with small retrieval size. Comparing the normalized speed of Hibernate with SQLite embedded database (0.0011) to the normalized speed of EclipseLink with HSQLDB embedded database (21.5) reveals that in that case, EclipseLink with HSQLDB embedded is 19,545 times faster than Hibernate with SQLite embedded.

Speed comparison of JPA database update operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	EclipseLink HSQLDB embedded	Hibernate SQLite embedded	EclipseLink HSQLDB embedded	Hibernate SQLite embedded	EclipseLink HSQLDB embedded	Hibernate SQLite embedded
Basic Person Test	17.9	0.076	7.0	0.65	12.5	0.37
Element Collection Test	14.6	0.0022	8.3	failed	11.4	0.0022
Inheritance Test	16.2	0.079	9.7	0.97	13.0	0.53
Indexing Test	12.0	0.057	6.8	0.54	9.4	0.30
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	4.7	0.26	3.4	0.42	4.0	0.34
Multithreading Test	24.4	failed	4.4	failed	14.4	failed
All Tests	15.0	0.094	6.6	0.65	10.8	0.34

Hibernate with SQLite embedded has failed in 3 tests (see exceptions).

The results above show that in general EclipseLink with HSQLDB embedded is much more efficient than Hibernate with SQLite embedded in updating JPA entity objects in the database. Comparing the normalized speed of Hibernate with SQLite embedded database (0.34) to the normalized speed of EclipseLink with HSQLDB embedded database (10.8) reveals that in these tests, EclipseLink with HSQLDB embedded is 31.8 times faster than Hibernate with SQLite embedded.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using JPA element collections with small transaction size. Comparing the normalized speed of Hibernate with SQLite embedded database (0.0022) to the normalized speed of EclipseLink with HSQLDB embedded database (14.6) reveals that in that case, EclipseLink with HSQLDB embedded is 6,636 times faster than Hibernate with SQLite embedded.

Speed comparison of JPA database removal operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	EclipseLink HSQLDB embedded	Hibernate SQLite embedded	EclipseLink HSQLDB embedded	Hibernate SQLite embedded	EclipseLink HSQLDB embedded	Hibernate SQLite embedded
Basic Person Test	32.3	0.061	20.3	0.91	26.3	0.49
Element Collection Test	14.3	0.0007	6.0	failed	10.2	0.0007
Inheritance Test	29.2	0.058	23.9	0.90	26.6	0.48
Indexing Test	55.3	0.079	27.1	0.54	41.2	0.31
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	6.8	0.24	14.1	0.80	10.4	0.52
Multithreading Test	52.9	failed	28.4	failed	40.6	failed
All Tests	31.8	0.088	20.0	0.79	25.9	0.40

Hibernate with SQLite embedded has failed in 3 tests (see exceptions).

The results above show that in general EclipseLink with HSQLDB embedded is much more efficient than Hibernate with SQLite embedded in deleting JPA entity objects from the database. Comparing the normalized speed of Hibernate with SQLite embedded database (0.40) to the normalized speed of EclipseLink with HSQLDB embedded database (25.9) reveals that in these tests, EclipseLink with HSQLDB embedded is 64.7 times faster than Hibernate with SQLite embedded.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using JPA element collections with small transaction size. Comparing the normalized speed of Hibernate with SQLite embedded database (0.0007) to the normalized speed of EclipseLink with HSQLDB embedded database (14.3) reveals that in that case, EclipseLink with HSQLDB embedded is 20,429 times faster than Hibernate with SQLite embedded.

Comparison of database storage efficiency (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	EclipseLink HSQLDB embedded	Hibernate SQLite embedded	EclipseLink HSQLDB embedded	Hibernate SQLite embedded	EclipseLink HSQLDB embedded	Hibernate SQLite embedded
Basic Person Test	41.4	90.2	41.4	90.2	41.4	90.2
Element Collection Test	46.9	82.0	46.9	82.0	46.9	82.0
Inheritance Test	41.4	80.5	41.4	80.5	41.4	80.5
Indexing Test	48.4	93.4	49.2	94.8	48.8	94.1
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	28.5	67.9	21.4	50.9	25.0	59.4
Multithreading Test	51.9	failed	10.3	failed	31.1	failed
All Tests	43.1	82.8	35.1	79.7	39.1	81.2

Hibernate with SQLite embedded has failed in 2 tests (see exceptions).

The results above show that in general Hibernate with SQLite embedded is more efficient than EclipseLink with HSQLDB embedded in using disk space. Comparing the normalized score of EclipseLink with HSQLDB embedded database (39.1) to the normalized score of Hibernate with SQLite embedded database (81.2) reveals that in these tests, Hibernate with SQLite embedded is 2.1 times more efficient than EclipseLink with HSQLDB embedded.

A large gap has been detected when using graphs of objects with small transaction size. Comparing the normalized score of EclipseLink with HSQLDB embedded database (28.5) to the normalized score of Hibernate with SQLite embedded database (67.9) reveals that in that case, Hibernate with SQLite embedded is 2.4 times more efficient than EclipseLink with HSQLDB embedded.

Comparison of JPA/Database speed - the averages (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction/Retrieval Size	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	EclipseLink HSQLDB embedded	Hibernate SQLite embedded	EclipseLink HSQLDB embedded	Hibernate SQLite embedded	EclipseLink HSQLDB embedded	Hibernate SQLite embedded
Basic Person Test	20.9	0.63	16.3	0.81	18.6	0.72
Element Collection Test	12.8	0.092	8.6	0.69	10.7	0.19
Inheritance Test	19.5	0.63	17.3	0.91	18.4	0.77
Indexing Test	28.0	0.42	24.9	0.96	26.5	0.69
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	10.0	0.33	11.9	0.77	11.0	0.55
Multithreading Test	27.0	failed	14.6	failed	20.8	failed
All Tests	20.1	0.42	15.7	0.86	17.9	0.62

The results above show that in general EclipseLink with HSQLDB embedded is much more efficient than Hibernate with SQLite embedded in performing JPA database operations. Comparing the normalized speed of Hibernate with SQLite embedded database (0.62) to the normalized speed of EclipseLink with HSQLDB embedded database (17.9) reveals that in these tests, EclipseLink with HSQLDB embedded is 28.9 times faster than Hibernate with SQLite embedded.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using JPA element collections with small transaction/retrieval size. Comparing the normalized speed of Hibernate with SQLite embedded database (0.092) to the normalized speed of EclipseLink with HSQLDB embedded database (12.8) reveals that in that case, EclipseLink with HSQLDB embedded is 139 times faster than Hibernate with SQLite embedded.

Other Head to Head DBMS/JPA Comparisons

JPA Performance Benchmark - Copyright © 2010, 2011, 2012 ObjectDB Software Ltd. - All rights reserved.
The benchmark program is released as open source under the GPL license.