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JPA Performance Benchmark (JPAB)

Comparison of EclipseLink with SQLite embedded vs Hibernate with PostgreSQL server

Each of the following tables focuses on a specific database operation, where the last table presents average results comparison.

Speed comparison of JPA database persistence operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	EclipseLink SQLite embedded	Hibernate PostgreSQL server	EclipseLink SQLite embedded	Hibernate PostgreSQL server	EclipseLink SQLite embedded	Hibernate PostgreSQL server
Basic Person Test	0.074	7.1	0.90	3.4	0.49	5.2
Element Collection Test	0.061	2.9	0.65	1.7	0.36	2.3
Inheritance Test	0.083	7.0	0.82	3.6	0.45	5.3
Indexing Test	0.11	9.3	1.6	6.1	0.87	7.7
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	0.24	3.0	0.91	2.9	0.57	2.9
Multithreading Test	0.10	31.7	2.1	13.9	1.1	22.8
All Tests	0.11	10.2	1.2	5.3	0.64	7.7

The results above show that in general Hibernate with PostgreSQL server is much more efficient than EclipseLink with SQLite embedded in persisting JPA entity objects to the database. Comparing the normalized speed of EclipseLink with SQLite embedded database (0.64) to the normalized speed of Hibernate with PostgreSQL database server (7.7) reveals that in these tests, Hibernate with PostgreSQL server is 12.0 times faster than EclipseLink with SQLite embedded.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using multithreading with small transaction size. Comparing the normalized speed of EclipseLink with SQLite embedded database (0.10) to the normalized speed of Hibernate with PostgreSQL database server (31.7) reveals that in that case, Hibernate with PostgreSQL server is 317 times faster than EclipseLink with SQLite embedded.

Speed comparison of JPA database retrieval operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Retrieval Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	EclipseLink SQLite embedded	Hibernate PostgreSQL server	EclipseLink SQLite embedded	Hibernate PostgreSQL server	EclipseLink SQLite embedded	Hibernate PostgreSQL server
Basic Person Test	failed	5.5	failed	11.5	failed	8.5
Element Collection Test	0.0007	0.025	failed	0.017	0.0007	0.021
Inheritance Test	failed	5.2	failed	14.0	failed	9.6
Indexing Test	failed	4.6	failed	13.3	failed	8.9
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	failed	0.61	failed	0.78	failed	0.70
Multithreading Test	failed	11.3	failed	17.0	failed	14.2
All Tests	0.0007	4.5	failed	9.4	0.0007	7.0

EclipseLink with SQLite embedded has failed in 11 tests (see exceptions).

Speed comparison of JPA database query operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Retrieval Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	EclipseLink SQLite embedded	Hibernate PostgreSQL server	EclipseLink SQLite embedded	Hibernate PostgreSQL server	EclipseLink SQLite embedded	Hibernate PostgreSQL server
Basic Person Test	1.2	55.5	failed	6.1	1.2	30.8
Element Collection Test	0.29	11.0	failed	0.016	0.29	5.5
Inheritance Test	0.69	52.3	failed	8.7	0.69	30.5
Indexing Test	0.0008	0.050	failed	8.8	0.0008	4.4
Multithreading Test	failed	55.2	failed	9.2	failed	32.2
All Tests	0.55	34.8	failed	6.6	0.55	20.7

EclipseLink with SQLite embedded has failed in 6 tests (see exceptions).

Speed comparison of JPA database update operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	EclipseLink SQLite embedded	Hibernate PostgreSQL server	EclipseLink SQLite embedded	Hibernate PostgreSQL server	EclipseLink SQLite embedded	Hibernate PostgreSQL server
Basic Person Test	failed	5.3	failed	2.7	failed	4.0
Element Collection Test	0.0016	0.067	failed	0.026	0.0016	0.046
Inheritance Test	failed	5.4	failed	3.8	failed	4.6
Indexing Test	failed	5.4	failed	4.3	failed	4.8
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	failed	1.1	failed	0.58	failed	0.82
Multithreading Test	failed	29.6	failed	6.3	failed	18.0
All Tests	0.0016	7.8	failed	2.9	0.0016	5.4

EclipseLink with SQLite embedded has failed in 11 tests (see exceptions).

Speed comparison of JPA database removal operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	EclipseLink SQLite embedded	Hibernate PostgreSQL server	EclipseLink SQLite embedded	Hibernate PostgreSQL server	EclipseLink SQLite embedded	Hibernate PostgreSQL server
Basic Person Test	failed	5.3	failed	4.2	failed	4.8
Element Collection Test	0.0006	0.020	failed	stopped	0.0006	0.0098
Inheritance Test	failed	5.1	failed	4.2	failed	4.6
Indexing Test	failed	9.5	failed	6.3	failed	7.9
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	failed	0.012	failed	0.012	failed	0.012
Multithreading Test	failed	23.3	failed	21.8	failed	22.5
All Tests	0.0006	7.2	failed	6.1	0.0006	6.6

EclipseLink with SQLite embedded has failed in 11 tests (see exceptions).

Comparison of JPA/Database speed - the averages (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction/Retrieval Size	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	EclipseLink SQLite embedded	Hibernate PostgreSQL server	EclipseLink SQLite embedded	Hibernate PostgreSQL server	EclipseLink SQLite embedded	Hibernate PostgreSQL server
Basic Person Test	0.66	15.7	0.90	5.6	0.74	10.7
Element Collection Test	0.070	2.8	0.65	0.35	0.17	1.6
Inheritance Test	0.38	15.0	0.82	6.9	0.53	10.9
Indexing Test	0.058	5.8	1.6	7.8	0.58	6.8
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	0.24	1.2	0.91	1.1	0.57	1.1
Multithreading Test	0.10	30.2	2.1	13.6	1.1	21.9
All Tests	0.22	12.1	1.2	6.0	0.52	9.1

The results above show that in general Hibernate with PostgreSQL server is much more efficient than EclipseLink with SQLite embedded in performing JPA database operations. Comparing the normalized speed of EclipseLink with SQLite embedded database (0.52) to the normalized speed of Hibernate with PostgreSQL database server (9.1) reveals that in these tests, Hibernate with PostgreSQL server is 17.5 times faster than EclipseLink with SQLite embedded.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using multithreading with small transaction/retrieval size. Comparing the normalized speed of EclipseLink with SQLite embedded database (0.10) to the normalized speed of Hibernate with PostgreSQL database server (30.2) reveals that in that case, Hibernate with PostgreSQL server is 302 times faster than EclipseLink with SQLite embedded.

Other Head to Head DBMS/JPA Comparisons

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The benchmark program is released as open source under the GPL license.