Comparison of Hibernate with HSQLDB server vs DataNucleus with H2 embedded

Each of the following tables focuses on a specific database operation, where the last table presents average results comparison.

Speed comparison of JPA database persistence operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	Hibernate HSQLDB server	DataNucleus H2 embedded	Hibernate HSQLDB server	DataNucleus H2 embedded	Hibernate HSQLDB server	DataNucleus H2 embedded
Basic Person Test	stopped	15.2	stopped	8.0	stopped	11.6
Element Collection Test	stopped	9.8	stopped	5.2	stopped	7.5
Inheritance Test	stopped	6.2	stopped	12.0	stopped	9.1
Indexing Test	stopped	16.0	stopped	14.5	stopped	15.3
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	stopped	5.2	stopped	4.6	stopped	4.9
Multithreading Test	stopped	8.0	stopped	0.0000	stopped	4.0
All Tests	stopped	10.1	stopped	7.4	stopped	8.7

The results above show that in general DataNucleus with H2 embedded is much more efficient than Hibernate with HSQLDB server in persisting JPA entity objects to the database. Comparing the normalized speed of Hibernate with HSQLDB database server (0.0000) to the normalized speed of DataNucleus with H2 embedded database (8.7) reveals that in these tests, DataNucleus with H2 embedded is ? times faster than Hibernate with HSQLDB server.

Speed comparison of JPA database retrieval operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Retrieval Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	Hibernate HSQLDB server	DataNucleus H2 embedded	Hibernate HSQLDB server	DataNucleus H2 embedded	Hibernate HSQLDB server	DataNucleus H2 embedded
Basic Person Test	stopped	3.9	stopped	8.3	stopped	6.1
Element Collection Test	stopped	2.9	stopped	5.8	stopped	4.4
Inheritance Test	stopped	4.1	stopped	12.4	stopped	8.2
Indexing Test	stopped	3.7	stopped	8.5	stopped	6.1
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	stopped	3.6	stopped	6.7	stopped	5.2
Multithreading Test	stopped	5.6	stopped	10.1	stopped	7.9
All Tests	stopped	4.0	stopped	8.6	stopped	6.3

The results above show that in general DataNucleus with H2 embedded is much more efficient than Hibernate with HSQLDB server in retrieving JPA entity objects from the database. Comparing the normalized speed of Hibernate with HSQLDB database server (0.0000) to the normalized speed of DataNucleus with H2 embedded database (6.3) reveals that in these tests, DataNucleus with H2 embedded is ? times faster than Hibernate with HSQLDB server.

Speed comparison of JPA database query operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Retrieval Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	Hibernate HSQLDB server	DataNucleus H2 embedded	Hibernate HSQLDB server	DataNucleus H2 embedded	Hibernate HSQLDB server	DataNucleus H2 embedded
Basic Person Test	stopped	0.63	stopped	3.6	stopped	2.1
Element Collection Test	stopped	1.7	stopped	3.2	stopped	2.4
Inheritance Test	stopped	0.53	stopped	3.8	stopped	2.2
Indexing Test	stopped	0.63	stopped	2.0	stopped	1.3
Multithreading Test	stopped	failed	stopped	failed	stopped	failed
All Tests	stopped	0.88	stopped	3.2	stopped	2.0

DataNucleus with H2 embedded has failed in 2 tests (see exceptions).

The results above show that in general DataNucleus with H2 embedded is much more efficient than Hibernate with HSQLDB server in executing the tested JPA queries. Comparing the normalized speed of Hibernate with HSQLDB database server (0.0000) to the normalized speed of DataNucleus with H2 embedded database (2.0) reveals that in these tests, DataNucleus with H2 embedded is ? times faster than Hibernate with HSQLDB server.

Speed comparison of JPA database update operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	Hibernate HSQLDB server	DataNucleus H2 embedded	Hibernate HSQLDB server	DataNucleus H2 embedded	Hibernate HSQLDB server	DataNucleus H2 embedded
Basic Person Test	stopped	7.0	stopped	5.9	stopped	6.4
Element Collection Test	stopped	21.8	stopped	6.2	stopped	14.0
Inheritance Test	stopped	12.2	stopped	6.2	stopped	9.2
Indexing Test	stopped	32.7	stopped	6.9	stopped	19.8
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	stopped	7.0	stopped	3.2	stopped	5.1
Multithreading Test	stopped	failed	stopped	failed	stopped	failed
All Tests	stopped	16.1	stopped	5.7	stopped	10.9

DataNucleus with H2 embedded has failed in 2 tests (see exceptions).

The results above show that in general DataNucleus with H2 embedded is much more efficient than Hibernate with HSQLDB server in updating JPA entity objects in the database. Comparing the normalized speed of Hibernate with HSQLDB database server (0.0000) to the normalized speed of DataNucleus with H2 embedded database (10.9) reveals that in these tests, DataNucleus with H2 embedded is ? times faster than Hibernate with HSQLDB server.

Speed comparison of JPA database removal operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	Hibernate HSQLDB server	DataNucleus H2 embedded	Hibernate HSQLDB server	DataNucleus H2 embedded	Hibernate HSQLDB server	DataNucleus H2 embedded
Basic Person Test	stopped	1.8	stopped	0.81	stopped	1.3
Element Collection Test	stopped	2.7	stopped	0.25	stopped	1.5
Inheritance Test	stopped	2.1	stopped	0.59	stopped	1.3
Indexing Test	stopped	3.4	stopped	0.57	stopped	2.0
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	stopped	13.5	stopped	26.4	stopped	20.0
Multithreading Test	stopped	failed	stopped	78.6	stopped	78.6
All Tests	stopped	4.7	stopped	17.9	stopped	11.9

DataNucleus with H2 embedded has failed in 1 tests (see exceptions).

The results above show that in general DataNucleus with H2 embedded is much more efficient than Hibernate with HSQLDB server in deleting JPA entity objects from the database. Comparing the normalized speed of Hibernate with HSQLDB database server (0.0000) to the normalized speed of DataNucleus with H2 embedded database (11.9) reveals that in these tests, DataNucleus with H2 embedded is ? times faster than Hibernate with HSQLDB server.

Comparison of JPA/Database speed - the averages (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction/Retrieval Size	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	Hibernate HSQLDB server	DataNucleus H2 embedded	Hibernate HSQLDB server	DataNucleus H2 embedded	Hibernate HSQLDB server	DataNucleus H2 embedded
Basic Person Test	stopped	5.7	stopped	5.3	stopped	5.5
Element Collection Test	stopped	7.8	stopped	4.1	stopped	5.9
Inheritance Test	stopped	5.0	stopped	7.0	stopped	6.0
Indexing Test	stopped	11.3	stopped	6.5	stopped	8.9
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	stopped	7.4	stopped	10.2	stopped	8.8
Multithreading Test	stopped	6.8	stopped	29.6	stopped	20.5
All Tests	stopped	7.4	stopped	9.1	stopped	8.2

The results above show that in general DataNucleus with H2 embedded is much more efficient than Hibernate with HSQLDB server in performing JPA database operations. Comparing the normalized speed of Hibernate with HSQLDB database server (0.0000) to the normalized speed of DataNucleus with H2 embedded database (8.2) reveals that in these tests, DataNucleus with H2 embedded is ? times faster than Hibernate with HSQLDB server.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using simple basic entities with small transaction/retrieval size. Comparing the normalized speed of Hibernate with HSQLDB database server (0.0000) to the normalized speed of DataNucleus with H2 embedded database (5.7) reveals that in that case, DataNucleus with H2 embedded is ? times faster than Hibernate with HSQLDB server.

JPA Performance Benchmark (JPAB)