Comparison of Hibernate with HSQLDB server vs OpenJPA with H2 embedded

Each of the following tables focuses on a specific database operation, where the last table presents average results comparison.

Speed comparison of JPA database persistence operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	Hibernate HSQLDB server	OpenJPA H2 embedded	Hibernate HSQLDB server	OpenJPA H2 embedded	Hibernate HSQLDB server	OpenJPA H2 embedded
Basic Person Test	stopped	9.7	stopped	7.7	stopped	8.7
Element Collection Test	stopped	10.3	stopped	7.4	stopped	8.9
Inheritance Test	stopped	5.2	stopped	6.6	stopped	5.9
Indexing Test	stopped	9.2	stopped	8.7	stopped	9.0
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	stopped	3.4	stopped	2.7	stopped	3.0
Multithreading Test	stopped	7.5	stopped	0.0000	stopped	3.7
All Tests	stopped	7.5	stopped	5.5	stopped	6.5

The results above show that in general OpenJPA with H2 embedded is much more efficient than Hibernate with HSQLDB server in persisting JPA entity objects to the database. Comparing the normalized speed of Hibernate with HSQLDB database server (0.0000) to the normalized speed of OpenJPA with H2 embedded database (6.5) reveals that in these tests, OpenJPA with H2 embedded is ? times faster than Hibernate with HSQLDB server.

Speed comparison of JPA database retrieval operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Retrieval Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	Hibernate HSQLDB server	OpenJPA H2 embedded	Hibernate HSQLDB server	OpenJPA H2 embedded	Hibernate HSQLDB server	OpenJPA H2 embedded
Basic Person Test	stopped	11.4	stopped	46.6	stopped	29.0
Element Collection Test	stopped	1.4	stopped	33.1	stopped	17.3
Inheritance Test	stopped	5.6	stopped	37.6	stopped	21.6
Indexing Test	stopped	5.8	stopped	39.3	stopped	22.5
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	stopped	0.86	stopped	0.90	stopped	0.88
Multithreading Test	stopped	14.0	stopped	38.9	stopped	26.4
All Tests	stopped	6.5	stopped	32.7	stopped	19.6

The results above show that in general OpenJPA with H2 embedded is much more efficient than Hibernate with HSQLDB server in retrieving JPA entity objects from the database. Comparing the normalized speed of Hibernate with HSQLDB database server (0.0000) to the normalized speed of OpenJPA with H2 embedded database (19.6) reveals that in these tests, OpenJPA with H2 embedded is ? times faster than Hibernate with HSQLDB server.

Speed comparison of JPA database query operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Retrieval Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	Hibernate HSQLDB server	OpenJPA H2 embedded	Hibernate HSQLDB server	OpenJPA H2 embedded	Hibernate HSQLDB server	OpenJPA H2 embedded
Basic Person Test	stopped	5.7	stopped	24.0	stopped	14.9
Element Collection Test	stopped	3.6	stopped	7.1	stopped	5.4
Inheritance Test	stopped	1.1	stopped	9.3	stopped	5.2
Indexing Test	stopped	14.3	stopped	24.2	stopped	19.3
Multithreading Test	stopped	3.1	stopped	7.2	stopped	5.1
All Tests	stopped	5.6	stopped	14.4	stopped	10.0

The results above show that in general OpenJPA with H2 embedded is much more efficient than Hibernate with HSQLDB server in executing the tested JPA queries. Comparing the normalized speed of Hibernate with HSQLDB database server (0.0000) to the normalized speed of OpenJPA with H2 embedded database (10.0) reveals that in these tests, OpenJPA with H2 embedded is ? times faster than Hibernate with HSQLDB server.

Speed comparison of JPA database update operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	Hibernate HSQLDB server	OpenJPA H2 embedded	Hibernate HSQLDB server	OpenJPA H2 embedded	Hibernate HSQLDB server	OpenJPA H2 embedded
Basic Person Test	stopped	14.2	stopped	11.2	stopped	12.7
Element Collection Test	stopped	6.5	stopped	15.2	stopped	10.9
Inheritance Test	stopped	4.0	stopped	14.9	stopped	9.5
Indexing Test	stopped	43.0	stopped	16.2	stopped	29.6
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	stopped	3.3	stopped	2.2	stopped	2.7
Multithreading Test	stopped	8.2	stopped	6.3	stopped	7.2
All Tests	stopped	13.2	stopped	11.0	stopped	12.1

The results above show that in general OpenJPA with H2 embedded is much more efficient than Hibernate with HSQLDB server in updating JPA entity objects in the database. Comparing the normalized speed of Hibernate with HSQLDB database server (0.0000) to the normalized speed of OpenJPA with H2 embedded database (12.1) reveals that in these tests, OpenJPA with H2 embedded is ? times faster than Hibernate with HSQLDB server.

Speed comparison of JPA database removal operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	Hibernate HSQLDB server	OpenJPA H2 embedded	Hibernate HSQLDB server	OpenJPA H2 embedded	Hibernate HSQLDB server	OpenJPA H2 embedded
Basic Person Test	stopped	55.8	stopped	26.5	stopped	41.1
Element Collection Test	stopped	26.3	stopped	3.0	stopped	14.6
Inheritance Test	stopped	26.7	stopped	23.0	stopped	24.8
Indexing Test	stopped	100	stopped	13.7	stopped	56.8
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	stopped	12.5	stopped	40.6	stopped	26.5
Multithreading Test	stopped	20.9	stopped	0.0000	stopped	10.4
All Tests	stopped	40.4	stopped	17.8	stopped	29.1

The results above show that in general OpenJPA with H2 embedded is much more efficient than Hibernate with HSQLDB server in deleting JPA entity objects from the database. Comparing the normalized speed of Hibernate with HSQLDB database server (0.0000) to the normalized speed of OpenJPA with H2 embedded database (29.1) reveals that in these tests, OpenJPA with H2 embedded is ? times faster than Hibernate with HSQLDB server.

Comparison of JPA/Database speed - the averages (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction/Retrieval Size	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	Hibernate HSQLDB server	OpenJPA H2 embedded	Hibernate HSQLDB server	OpenJPA H2 embedded	Hibernate HSQLDB server	OpenJPA H2 embedded
Basic Person Test	stopped	19.4	stopped	23.2	stopped	21.3
Element Collection Test	stopped	9.6	stopped	13.2	stopped	11.4
Inheritance Test	stopped	8.5	stopped	18.3	stopped	13.4
Indexing Test	stopped	34.5	stopped	20.4	stopped	27.4
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	stopped	5.0	stopped	11.6	stopped	8.3
Multithreading Test	stopped	10.7	stopped	10.5	stopped	10.6
All Tests	stopped	14.9	stopped	16.4	stopped	15.6

The results above show that in general OpenJPA with H2 embedded is much more efficient than Hibernate with HSQLDB server in performing JPA database operations. Comparing the normalized speed of Hibernate with HSQLDB database server (0.0000) to the normalized speed of OpenJPA with H2 embedded database (15.6) reveals that in these tests, OpenJPA with H2 embedded is ? times faster than Hibernate with HSQLDB server.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using simple basic entities with small transaction/retrieval size. Comparing the normalized speed of Hibernate with HSQLDB database server (0.0000) to the normalized speed of OpenJPA with H2 embedded database (19.4) reveals that in that case, OpenJPA with H2 embedded is ? times faster than Hibernate with HSQLDB server.

JPA Performance Benchmark (JPAB)