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JPA Performance Benchmark (JPAB)

Comparison of DataNucleus with SQLite embedded vs EclipseLink with HSQLDB server

Each of the following tables focuses on a specific database operation, where the last table presents average results comparison.

Speed comparison of JPA database persistence operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	DataNucleus SQLite embedded	EclipseLink HSQLDB server	DataNucleus SQLite embedded	EclipseLink HSQLDB server	DataNucleus SQLite embedded	EclipseLink HSQLDB server
Basic Person Test		12.2		20.9		16.6
Element Collection Test		11.6		failed		11.6
Inheritance Test		failed		failed		failed
Indexing Test		failed		failed		failed
Graph (Binary Tree) Test		failed		failed		failed
Multithreading Test		failed		failed		failed
All Tests		11.9		20.9		14.9

EclipseLink with HSQLDB server has failed in 9 tests (see exceptions).

Speed comparison of JPA database retrieval operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Retrieval Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	DataNucleus SQLite embedded	EclipseLink HSQLDB server	DataNucleus SQLite embedded	EclipseLink HSQLDB server	DataNucleus SQLite embedded	EclipseLink HSQLDB server
Basic Person Test	0.43	2.6		14.6	0.43	8.6
Element Collection Test		1.4		failed		1.4
Inheritance Test		failed		failed		failed
Indexing Test		failed		failed		failed
Graph (Binary Tree) Test		failed		failed		failed
Multithreading Test		failed		failed		failed
All Tests	0.43	2.0		14.6	0.43	6.2

EclipseLink with HSQLDB server has failed in 9 tests (see exceptions).

Speed comparison of JPA database query operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Retrieval Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	DataNucleus SQLite embedded	EclipseLink HSQLDB server	DataNucleus SQLite embedded	EclipseLink HSQLDB server	DataNucleus SQLite embedded	EclipseLink HSQLDB server
Basic Person Test	failed	0.53		3.0	failed	1.8
Element Collection Test		0.98		failed		0.98
Inheritance Test		failed		failed		failed
Indexing Test		failed		failed		failed
Multithreading Test		failed		failed		failed
All Tests	failed	0.75		3.0	failed	1.5

DataNucleus with SQLite embedded has failed in 1 tests (see exceptions). EclipseLink with HSQLDB server has failed in 7 tests (see exceptions).

Speed comparison of JPA database update operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	DataNucleus SQLite embedded	EclipseLink HSQLDB server	DataNucleus SQLite embedded	EclipseLink HSQLDB server	DataNucleus SQLite embedded	EclipseLink HSQLDB server
Basic Person Test	0.025	1.9		7.5	0.025	4.7
Element Collection Test		3.1		failed		3.1
Inheritance Test		failed		failed		failed
Indexing Test		failed		failed		failed
Graph (Binary Tree) Test		failed		failed		failed
Multithreading Test		failed		failed		failed
All Tests	0.025	2.5		7.5	0.025	4.2

EclipseLink with HSQLDB server has failed in 9 tests (see exceptions).

Speed comparison of JPA database removal operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	DataNucleus SQLite embedded	EclipseLink HSQLDB server	DataNucleus SQLite embedded	EclipseLink HSQLDB server	DataNucleus SQLite embedded	EclipseLink HSQLDB server
Basic Person Test	0.17	9.5		33.1	0.17	21.3
Element Collection Test		6.7		failed		6.7
Inheritance Test		failed		failed		failed
Indexing Test		failed		failed		failed
Graph (Binary Tree) Test		failed		failed		failed
Multithreading Test		failed		failed		failed
All Tests	0.17	8.1		33.1	0.17	16.4

EclipseLink with HSQLDB server has failed in 9 tests (see exceptions).

Comparison of JPA/Database speed - the averages (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction/Retrieval Size	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	DataNucleus SQLite embedded	EclipseLink HSQLDB server	DataNucleus SQLite embedded	EclipseLink HSQLDB server	DataNucleus SQLite embedded	EclipseLink HSQLDB server
Basic Person Test	0.21	5.4		15.8	0.21	10.6
Element Collection Test		4.8		failed		4.8
Inheritance Test		failed		failed		failed
Indexing Test		failed		failed		failed
Graph (Binary Tree) Test		failed		failed		failed
Multithreading Test		failed		failed		failed
All Tests	0.21	5.1		15.8	0.21	8.6

The results above show that in general EclipseLink with HSQLDB server is much more efficient than DataNucleus with SQLite embedded in performing JPA database operations. Comparing the normalized speed of DataNucleus with SQLite embedded database (0.21) to the normalized speed of EclipseLink with HSQLDB database server (8.6) reveals that in these tests, EclipseLink with HSQLDB server is 41.0 times faster than DataNucleus with SQLite embedded.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using simple basic entities with small transaction/retrieval size. Comparing the normalized speed of DataNucleus with SQLite embedded database (0.21) to the normalized speed of EclipseLink with HSQLDB database server (5.4) reveals that in that case, EclipseLink with HSQLDB server is 25.7 times faster than DataNucleus with SQLite embedded.

Other Head to Head DBMS/JPA Comparisons

JPA Performance Benchmark - Copyright © 2010, 2011 ObjectDB Software Ltd. - All rights reserved.
The benchmark program is released as open source under the GPL license.