Comparison of DataNucleus with SQLite embedded vs Hibernate with HSQLDB embedded

Each of the following tables focuses on a specific database operation, where the last table presents average results comparison.

Speed comparison of JPA database persistence operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	DataNucleus SQLite embedded	Hibernate HSQLDB embedded	DataNucleus SQLite embedded	Hibernate HSQLDB embedded	DataNucleus SQLite embedded	Hibernate HSQLDB embedded
Basic Person Test		12.5		11.4		12.0
Element Collection Test		12.1		11.9		12.0
Inheritance Test		9.4		10.3		9.8
Indexing Test		15.0		13.5		14.2
Graph (Binary Tree) Test		6.8		7.7		7.3
Multithreading Test		12.1		0.0000		6.0
All Tests		11.3		9.1		10.2

Speed comparison of JPA database retrieval operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Retrieval Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	DataNucleus SQLite embedded	Hibernate HSQLDB embedded	DataNucleus SQLite embedded	Hibernate HSQLDB embedded	DataNucleus SQLite embedded	Hibernate HSQLDB embedded
Basic Person Test	0.43	14.1		19.7	0.43	16.9
Element Collection Test		4.2		11.4		7.8
Inheritance Test		16.0		24.9		20.4
Indexing Test		9.8		27.0		18.4
Graph (Binary Tree) Test		3.7		5.1		4.4
Multithreading Test		17.3		19.2		18.2
All Tests	0.43	10.8		17.9	0.43	14.4

The results above show that in general Hibernate with HSQLDB embedded is much more efficient than DataNucleus with SQLite embedded in retrieving JPA entity objects from the database. Comparing the normalized speed of DataNucleus with SQLite embedded database (0.43) to the normalized speed of Hibernate with HSQLDB embedded database (14.4) reveals that in these tests, Hibernate with HSQLDB embedded is 33.5 times faster than DataNucleus with SQLite embedded.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using simple basic entities with small retrieval size. Comparing the normalized speed of DataNucleus with SQLite embedded database (0.43) to the normalized speed of Hibernate with HSQLDB embedded database (14.1) reveals that in that case, Hibernate with HSQLDB embedded is 32.8 times faster than DataNucleus with SQLite embedded.

Speed comparison of JPA database query operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Retrieval Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	DataNucleus SQLite embedded	Hibernate HSQLDB embedded	DataNucleus SQLite embedded	Hibernate HSQLDB embedded	DataNucleus SQLite embedded	Hibernate HSQLDB embedded
Basic Person Test	failed	1.1		3.6	failed	2.4
Element Collection Test		1.6		5.3		3.5
Inheritance Test		0.64		6.0		3.3
Indexing Test		13.1		21.5		17.3
Multithreading Test		0.59		1.8		1.2
All Tests	failed	3.4		7.7	failed	5.5

DataNucleus with SQLite embedded has failed in 1 tests (see exceptions).

Speed comparison of JPA database update operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	DataNucleus SQLite embedded	Hibernate HSQLDB embedded	DataNucleus SQLite embedded	Hibernate HSQLDB embedded	DataNucleus SQLite embedded	Hibernate HSQLDB embedded
Basic Person Test	0.025	10.9		6.8	0.025	8.8
Element Collection Test		15.5		5.8		10.7
Inheritance Test		10.9		9.9		10.4
Indexing Test		28.7		10.4		19.5
Graph (Binary Tree) Test		4.9		4.1		4.5
Multithreading Test		6.4		4.8		5.6
All Tests	0.025	12.9		7.0	0.025	9.9

The results above show that in general Hibernate with HSQLDB embedded is much more efficient than DataNucleus with SQLite embedded in updating JPA entity objects in the database. Comparing the normalized speed of DataNucleus with SQLite embedded database (0.025) to the normalized speed of Hibernate with HSQLDB embedded database (9.9) reveals that in these tests, Hibernate with HSQLDB embedded is 396 times faster than DataNucleus with SQLite embedded.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using simple basic entities with small transaction size. Comparing the normalized speed of DataNucleus with SQLite embedded database (0.025) to the normalized speed of Hibernate with HSQLDB embedded database (10.9) reveals that in that case, Hibernate with HSQLDB embedded is 436 times faster than DataNucleus with SQLite embedded.

Speed comparison of JPA database removal operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	DataNucleus SQLite embedded	Hibernate HSQLDB embedded	DataNucleus SQLite embedded	Hibernate HSQLDB embedded	DataNucleus SQLite embedded	Hibernate HSQLDB embedded
Basic Person Test	0.17	37.3		28.2	0.17	32.7
Element Collection Test		31.8		4.0		17.9
Inheritance Test		41.5		18.4		29.9
Indexing Test		86.3		19.6		53.0
Graph (Binary Tree) Test		21.3		65.0		43.2
Multithreading Test		17.7		0.0000		8.8
All Tests	0.17	39.3		22.5	0.17	30.9

The results above show that in general Hibernate with HSQLDB embedded is much more efficient than DataNucleus with SQLite embedded in deleting JPA entity objects from the database. Comparing the normalized speed of DataNucleus with SQLite embedded database (0.17) to the normalized speed of Hibernate with HSQLDB embedded database (30.9) reveals that in these tests, Hibernate with HSQLDB embedded is 182 times faster than DataNucleus with SQLite embedded.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using simple basic entities with small transaction size. Comparing the normalized speed of DataNucleus with SQLite embedded database (0.17) to the normalized speed of Hibernate with HSQLDB embedded database (37.3) reveals that in that case, Hibernate with HSQLDB embedded is 219 times faster than DataNucleus with SQLite embedded.

Comparison of database storage efficiency (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	DataNucleus SQLite embedded	Hibernate HSQLDB embedded	DataNucleus SQLite embedded	Hibernate HSQLDB embedded	DataNucleus SQLite embedded	Hibernate HSQLDB embedded
Basic Person Test		100		100		100
Element Collection Test		49.8		49.8		49.8
Inheritance Test		95.0		100		97.5
Indexing Test		100		100		100
Graph (Binary Tree) Test		100		100		100
Multithreading Test		100		100		100
All Tests		90.8		91.6		91.2

Comparison of JPA/Database speed - the averages (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction/Retrieval Size	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	DataNucleus SQLite embedded	Hibernate HSQLDB embedded	DataNucleus SQLite embedded	Hibernate HSQLDB embedded	DataNucleus SQLite embedded	Hibernate HSQLDB embedded
Basic Person Test	0.21	15.2		13.9	0.21	14.6
Element Collection Test		13.0		7.7		10.4
Inheritance Test		15.7		13.9		14.8
Indexing Test		30.6		18.4		24.5
Graph (Binary Tree) Test		9.2		20.5		14.8
Multithreading Test		10.8		5.2		8.0
All Tests	0.21	16.0		13.0	0.21	14.5

The results above show that in general Hibernate with HSQLDB embedded is much more efficient than DataNucleus with SQLite embedded in performing JPA database operations. Comparing the normalized speed of DataNucleus with SQLite embedded database (0.21) to the normalized speed of Hibernate with HSQLDB embedded database (14.5) reveals that in these tests, Hibernate with HSQLDB embedded is 69.0 times faster than DataNucleus with SQLite embedded.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using simple basic entities with small transaction/retrieval size. Comparing the normalized speed of DataNucleus with SQLite embedded database (0.21) to the normalized speed of Hibernate with HSQLDB embedded database (15.2) reveals that in that case, Hibernate with HSQLDB embedded is 72.4 times faster than DataNucleus with SQLite embedded.

JPA Performance Benchmark (JPAB)