Comparison of DataNucleus with SQLite embedded vs Hibernate with H2 embedded

Each of the following tables focuses on a specific database operation, where the last table presents average results comparison.

Speed comparison of JPA database persistence operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	DataNucleus SQLite embedded	Hibernate H2 embedded	DataNucleus SQLite embedded	Hibernate H2 embedded	DataNucleus SQLite embedded	Hibernate H2 embedded
Basic Person Test		8.9		9.3		9.1
Element Collection Test		11.5		7.6		9.5
Inheritance Test		6.8		9.4		8.1
Indexing Test		12.5		12.3		12.4
Graph (Binary Tree) Test		7.7		8.5		8.1
Multithreading Test		9.8		0.0000		4.9
All Tests		9.5		7.8		8.7

Speed comparison of JPA database retrieval operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Retrieval Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	DataNucleus SQLite embedded	Hibernate H2 embedded	DataNucleus SQLite embedded	Hibernate H2 embedded	DataNucleus SQLite embedded	Hibernate H2 embedded
Basic Person Test	0.43	5.2		12.7	0.43	8.9
Element Collection Test		3.8		3.9		3.9
Inheritance Test		9.4		18.4		13.9
Indexing Test		9.1		13.2		11.1
Graph (Binary Tree) Test		1.5		3.4		2.5
Multithreading Test		10.7		16.4		13.6
All Tests	0.43	6.6		11.3	0.43	9.0

The results above show that in general Hibernate with H2 embedded is much more efficient than DataNucleus with SQLite embedded in retrieving JPA entity objects from the database. Comparing the normalized speed of DataNucleus with SQLite embedded database (0.43) to the normalized speed of Hibernate with H2 embedded database (9.0) reveals that in these tests, Hibernate with H2 embedded is 20.9 times faster than DataNucleus with SQLite embedded.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using simple basic entities with small retrieval size. Comparing the normalized speed of DataNucleus with SQLite embedded database (0.43) to the normalized speed of Hibernate with H2 embedded database (5.2) reveals that in that case, Hibernate with H2 embedded is 12.1 times faster than DataNucleus with SQLite embedded.

Speed comparison of JPA database query operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Retrieval Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	DataNucleus SQLite embedded	Hibernate H2 embedded	DataNucleus SQLite embedded	Hibernate H2 embedded	DataNucleus SQLite embedded	Hibernate H2 embedded
Basic Person Test	failed	3.0		5.5	failed	4.2
Element Collection Test		4.4		3.3		3.9
Inheritance Test		1.7		5.6		3.7
Indexing Test		4.7		6.4		5.5
Multithreading Test		2.0		5.9		4.0
All Tests	failed	3.2		5.4	failed	4.3

DataNucleus with SQLite embedded has failed in 1 tests (see exceptions).

Speed comparison of JPA database update operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	DataNucleus SQLite embedded	Hibernate H2 embedded	DataNucleus SQLite embedded	Hibernate H2 embedded	DataNucleus SQLite embedded	Hibernate H2 embedded
Basic Person Test	0.025	10.6		10.1	0.025	10.4
Element Collection Test		16.7		5.9		11.3
Inheritance Test		10.9		14.6		12.8
Indexing Test		24.0		12.3		18.2
Graph (Binary Tree) Test		5.8		4.0		4.9
Multithreading Test		7.0		5.1		6.1
All Tests	0.025	12.5		8.7	0.025	10.6

The results above show that in general Hibernate with H2 embedded is much more efficient than DataNucleus with SQLite embedded in updating JPA entity objects in the database. Comparing the normalized speed of DataNucleus with SQLite embedded database (0.025) to the normalized speed of Hibernate with H2 embedded database (10.6) reveals that in these tests, Hibernate with H2 embedded is 424 times faster than DataNucleus with SQLite embedded.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using simple basic entities with small transaction size. Comparing the normalized speed of DataNucleus with SQLite embedded database (0.025) to the normalized speed of Hibernate with H2 embedded database (10.6) reveals that in that case, Hibernate with H2 embedded is 424 times faster than DataNucleus with SQLite embedded.

Speed comparison of JPA database removal operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	DataNucleus SQLite embedded	Hibernate H2 embedded	DataNucleus SQLite embedded	Hibernate H2 embedded	DataNucleus SQLite embedded	Hibernate H2 embedded
Basic Person Test	0.17	31.2		23.7	0.17	27.5
Element Collection Test		22.7		3.1		12.9
Inheritance Test		41.4		18.0		29.7
Indexing Test		66.1		14.2		40.1
Graph (Binary Tree) Test		16.7		22.4		19.6
Multithreading Test		20.4		0.0000		10.2
All Tests	0.17	33.1		13.6	0.17	23.3

The results above show that in general Hibernate with H2 embedded is much more efficient than DataNucleus with SQLite embedded in deleting JPA entity objects from the database. Comparing the normalized speed of DataNucleus with SQLite embedded database (0.17) to the normalized speed of Hibernate with H2 embedded database (23.3) reveals that in these tests, Hibernate with H2 embedded is 137 times faster than DataNucleus with SQLite embedded.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using simple basic entities with small transaction size. Comparing the normalized speed of DataNucleus with SQLite embedded database (0.17) to the normalized speed of Hibernate with H2 embedded database (31.2) reveals that in that case, Hibernate with H2 embedded is 184 times faster than DataNucleus with SQLite embedded.

Comparison of database storage efficiency (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	DataNucleus SQLite embedded	Hibernate H2 embedded	DataNucleus SQLite embedded	Hibernate H2 embedded	DataNucleus SQLite embedded	Hibernate H2 embedded
Basic Person Test		10.2		10.2		10.2
Element Collection Test		12.4		12.4		12.4
Inheritance Test		11.2		11.7		11.4
Indexing Test		11.0		11.0		11.0
Graph (Binary Tree) Test		4.0		4.0		4.0
Multithreading Test		10.2		10.2		10.2
All Tests		9.8		9.9		9.9

Comparison of JPA/Database speed - the averages (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction/Retrieval Size	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	DataNucleus SQLite embedded	Hibernate H2 embedded	DataNucleus SQLite embedded	Hibernate H2 embedded	DataNucleus SQLite embedded	Hibernate H2 embedded
Basic Person Test	0.21	11.8		12.3	0.21	12.0
Element Collection Test		11.8		4.8		8.3
Inheritance Test		14.1		13.2		13.6
Indexing Test		23.3		11.7		17.5
Graph (Binary Tree) Test		7.9		9.6		8.8
Multithreading Test		10.0		5.5		7.8
All Tests	0.21	13.3		9.5	0.21	11.4

The results above show that in general Hibernate with H2 embedded is much more efficient than DataNucleus with SQLite embedded in performing JPA database operations. Comparing the normalized speed of DataNucleus with SQLite embedded database (0.21) to the normalized speed of Hibernate with H2 embedded database (11.4) reveals that in these tests, Hibernate with H2 embedded is 54.3 times faster than DataNucleus with SQLite embedded.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using simple basic entities with small transaction/retrieval size. Comparing the normalized speed of DataNucleus with SQLite embedded database (0.21) to the normalized speed of Hibernate with H2 embedded database (11.8) reveals that in that case, Hibernate with H2 embedded is 56.2 times faster than DataNucleus with SQLite embedded.

JPA Performance Benchmark (JPAB)