Comparison of Hibernate with H2 embedded vs DataNucleus with SQLite embedded

Each of the following tables focuses on a specific database operation, where the last table presents average results comparison.

Speed comparison of JPA database persistence operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	Hibernate H2 embedded	DataNucleus SQLite embedded	Hibernate H2 embedded	DataNucleus SQLite embedded	Hibernate H2 embedded	DataNucleus SQLite embedded
Basic Person Test	8.9		9.3		9.1
Element Collection Test	11.5		7.6		9.5
Inheritance Test	6.8		9.4		8.1
Indexing Test	12.5		12.3		12.4
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	7.7		8.5		8.1
Multithreading Test	9.8		0.0000		4.9
All Tests	9.5		7.8		8.7

Speed comparison of JPA database retrieval operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Retrieval Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	Hibernate H2 embedded	DataNucleus SQLite embedded	Hibernate H2 embedded	DataNucleus SQLite embedded	Hibernate H2 embedded	DataNucleus SQLite embedded
Basic Person Test	5.2	0.43	12.7		8.9	0.43
Element Collection Test	3.8		3.9		3.9
Inheritance Test	9.4		18.4		13.9
Indexing Test	9.1		13.2		11.1
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	1.5		3.4		2.5
Multithreading Test	10.7		16.4		13.6
All Tests	6.6	0.43	11.3		9.0	0.43

The results above show that in general Hibernate with H2 embedded is much more efficient than DataNucleus with SQLite embedded in retrieving JPA entity objects from the database. Comparing the normalized speed of DataNucleus with SQLite embedded database (0.43) to the normalized speed of Hibernate with H2 embedded database (9.0) reveals that in these tests, Hibernate with H2 embedded is 20.9 times faster than DataNucleus with SQLite embedded.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using simple basic entities with small retrieval size. Comparing the normalized speed of DataNucleus with SQLite embedded database (0.43) to the normalized speed of Hibernate with H2 embedded database (5.2) reveals that in that case, Hibernate with H2 embedded is 12.1 times faster than DataNucleus with SQLite embedded.

Speed comparison of JPA database query operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Retrieval Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	Hibernate H2 embedded	DataNucleus SQLite embedded	Hibernate H2 embedded	DataNucleus SQLite embedded	Hibernate H2 embedded	DataNucleus SQLite embedded
Basic Person Test	3.0	failed	5.5		4.2	failed
Element Collection Test	4.4		3.3		3.9
Inheritance Test	1.7		5.6		3.7
Indexing Test	4.7		6.4		5.5
Multithreading Test	2.0		5.9		4.0
All Tests	3.2	failed	5.4		4.3	failed

DataNucleus with SQLite embedded has failed in 1 tests (see exceptions).

Speed comparison of JPA database update operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	Hibernate H2 embedded	DataNucleus SQLite embedded	Hibernate H2 embedded	DataNucleus SQLite embedded	Hibernate H2 embedded	DataNucleus SQLite embedded
Basic Person Test	10.6	0.025	10.1		10.4	0.025
Element Collection Test	16.7		5.9		11.3
Inheritance Test	10.9		14.6		12.8
Indexing Test	24.0		12.3		18.2
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	5.8		4.0		4.9
Multithreading Test	7.0		5.1		6.1
All Tests	12.5	0.025	8.7		10.6	0.025

The results above show that in general Hibernate with H2 embedded is much more efficient than DataNucleus with SQLite embedded in updating JPA entity objects in the database. Comparing the normalized speed of DataNucleus with SQLite embedded database (0.025) to the normalized speed of Hibernate with H2 embedded database (10.6) reveals that in these tests, Hibernate with H2 embedded is 424 times faster than DataNucleus with SQLite embedded.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using simple basic entities with small transaction size. Comparing the normalized speed of DataNucleus with SQLite embedded database (0.025) to the normalized speed of Hibernate with H2 embedded database (10.6) reveals that in that case, Hibernate with H2 embedded is 424 times faster than DataNucleus with SQLite embedded.

Speed comparison of JPA database removal operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	Hibernate H2 embedded	DataNucleus SQLite embedded	Hibernate H2 embedded	DataNucleus SQLite embedded	Hibernate H2 embedded	DataNucleus SQLite embedded
Basic Person Test	31.2	0.17	23.7		27.5	0.17
Element Collection Test	22.7		3.1		12.9
Inheritance Test	41.4		18.0		29.7
Indexing Test	66.1		14.2		40.1
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	16.7		22.4		19.6
Multithreading Test	20.4		0.0000		10.2
All Tests	33.1	0.17	13.6		23.3	0.17

The results above show that in general Hibernate with H2 embedded is much more efficient than DataNucleus with SQLite embedded in deleting JPA entity objects from the database. Comparing the normalized speed of DataNucleus with SQLite embedded database (0.17) to the normalized speed of Hibernate with H2 embedded database (23.3) reveals that in these tests, Hibernate with H2 embedded is 137 times faster than DataNucleus with SQLite embedded.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using simple basic entities with small transaction size. Comparing the normalized speed of DataNucleus with SQLite embedded database (0.17) to the normalized speed of Hibernate with H2 embedded database (31.2) reveals that in that case, Hibernate with H2 embedded is 184 times faster than DataNucleus with SQLite embedded.

Comparison of database storage efficiency (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	Hibernate H2 embedded	DataNucleus SQLite embedded	Hibernate H2 embedded	DataNucleus SQLite embedded	Hibernate H2 embedded	DataNucleus SQLite embedded
Basic Person Test	10.2		10.2		10.2
Element Collection Test	12.4		12.4		12.4
Inheritance Test	11.2		11.7		11.4
Indexing Test	11.0		11.0		11.0
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	4.0		4.0		4.0
Multithreading Test	10.2		10.2		10.2
All Tests	9.8		9.9		9.9

Comparison of JPA/Database speed - the averages (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction/Retrieval Size	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	Hibernate H2 embedded	DataNucleus SQLite embedded	Hibernate H2 embedded	DataNucleus SQLite embedded	Hibernate H2 embedded	DataNucleus SQLite embedded
Basic Person Test	11.8	0.21	12.3		12.0	0.21
Element Collection Test	11.8		4.8		8.3
Inheritance Test	14.1		13.2		13.6
Indexing Test	23.3		11.7		17.5
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	7.9		9.6		8.8
Multithreading Test	10.0		5.5		7.8
All Tests	13.3	0.21	9.5		11.4	0.21

The results above show that in general Hibernate with H2 embedded is much more efficient than DataNucleus with SQLite embedded in performing JPA database operations. Comparing the normalized speed of DataNucleus with SQLite embedded database (0.21) to the normalized speed of Hibernate with H2 embedded database (11.4) reveals that in these tests, Hibernate with H2 embedded is 54.3 times faster than DataNucleus with SQLite embedded.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using simple basic entities with small transaction/retrieval size. Comparing the normalized speed of DataNucleus with SQLite embedded database (0.21) to the normalized speed of Hibernate with H2 embedded database (11.8) reveals that in that case, Hibernate with H2 embedded is 56.2 times faster than DataNucleus with SQLite embedded.

JPA Performance Benchmark (JPAB)