Comparison of Hibernate with HSQLDB embedded vs DataNucleus with SQLite embedded

Each of the following tables focuses on a specific database operation, where the last table presents average results comparison.

Speed comparison of JPA database persistence operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	Hibernate HSQLDB embedded	DataNucleus SQLite embedded	Hibernate HSQLDB embedded	DataNucleus SQLite embedded	Hibernate HSQLDB embedded	DataNucleus SQLite embedded
Basic Person Test	12.5		11.4		12.0
Element Collection Test	12.1		11.9		12.0
Inheritance Test	9.4		10.3		9.8
Indexing Test	15.0		13.5		14.2
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	6.8		7.7		7.3
Multithreading Test	12.1		0.0000		6.0
All Tests	11.3		9.1		10.2

Speed comparison of JPA database retrieval operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Retrieval Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	Hibernate HSQLDB embedded	DataNucleus SQLite embedded	Hibernate HSQLDB embedded	DataNucleus SQLite embedded	Hibernate HSQLDB embedded	DataNucleus SQLite embedded
Basic Person Test	14.1	0.43	19.7		16.9	0.43
Element Collection Test	4.2		11.4		7.8
Inheritance Test	16.0		24.9		20.4
Indexing Test	9.8		27.0		18.4
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	3.7		5.1		4.4
Multithreading Test	17.3		19.2		18.2
All Tests	10.8	0.43	17.9		14.4	0.43

The results above show that in general Hibernate with HSQLDB embedded is much more efficient than DataNucleus with SQLite embedded in retrieving JPA entity objects from the database. Comparing the normalized speed of DataNucleus with SQLite embedded database (0.43) to the normalized speed of Hibernate with HSQLDB embedded database (14.4) reveals that in these tests, Hibernate with HSQLDB embedded is 33.5 times faster than DataNucleus with SQLite embedded.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using simple basic entities with small retrieval size. Comparing the normalized speed of DataNucleus with SQLite embedded database (0.43) to the normalized speed of Hibernate with HSQLDB embedded database (14.1) reveals that in that case, Hibernate with HSQLDB embedded is 32.8 times faster than DataNucleus with SQLite embedded.

Speed comparison of JPA database query operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Retrieval Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	Hibernate HSQLDB embedded	DataNucleus SQLite embedded	Hibernate HSQLDB embedded	DataNucleus SQLite embedded	Hibernate HSQLDB embedded	DataNucleus SQLite embedded
Basic Person Test	1.1	failed	3.6		2.4	failed
Element Collection Test	1.6		5.3		3.5
Inheritance Test	0.64		6.0		3.3
Indexing Test	13.1		21.5		17.3
Multithreading Test	0.59		1.8		1.2
All Tests	3.4	failed	7.7		5.5	failed

DataNucleus with SQLite embedded has failed in 1 tests (see exceptions).

Speed comparison of JPA database update operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	Hibernate HSQLDB embedded	DataNucleus SQLite embedded	Hibernate HSQLDB embedded	DataNucleus SQLite embedded	Hibernate HSQLDB embedded	DataNucleus SQLite embedded
Basic Person Test	10.9	0.025	6.8		8.8	0.025
Element Collection Test	15.5		5.8		10.7
Inheritance Test	10.9		9.9		10.4
Indexing Test	28.7		10.4		19.5
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	4.9		4.1		4.5
Multithreading Test	6.4		4.8		5.6
All Tests	12.9	0.025	7.0		9.9	0.025

The results above show that in general Hibernate with HSQLDB embedded is much more efficient than DataNucleus with SQLite embedded in updating JPA entity objects in the database. Comparing the normalized speed of DataNucleus with SQLite embedded database (0.025) to the normalized speed of Hibernate with HSQLDB embedded database (9.9) reveals that in these tests, Hibernate with HSQLDB embedded is 396 times faster than DataNucleus with SQLite embedded.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using simple basic entities with small transaction size. Comparing the normalized speed of DataNucleus with SQLite embedded database (0.025) to the normalized speed of Hibernate with HSQLDB embedded database (10.9) reveals that in that case, Hibernate with HSQLDB embedded is 436 times faster than DataNucleus with SQLite embedded.

Speed comparison of JPA database removal operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	Hibernate HSQLDB embedded	DataNucleus SQLite embedded	Hibernate HSQLDB embedded	DataNucleus SQLite embedded	Hibernate HSQLDB embedded	DataNucleus SQLite embedded
Basic Person Test	37.3	0.17	28.2		32.7	0.17
Element Collection Test	31.8		4.0		17.9
Inheritance Test	41.5		18.4		29.9
Indexing Test	86.3		19.6		53.0
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	21.3		65.0		43.2
Multithreading Test	17.7		0.0000		8.8
All Tests	39.3	0.17	22.5		30.9	0.17

The results above show that in general Hibernate with HSQLDB embedded is much more efficient than DataNucleus with SQLite embedded in deleting JPA entity objects from the database. Comparing the normalized speed of DataNucleus with SQLite embedded database (0.17) to the normalized speed of Hibernate with HSQLDB embedded database (30.9) reveals that in these tests, Hibernate with HSQLDB embedded is 182 times faster than DataNucleus with SQLite embedded.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using simple basic entities with small transaction size. Comparing the normalized speed of DataNucleus with SQLite embedded database (0.17) to the normalized speed of Hibernate with HSQLDB embedded database (37.3) reveals that in that case, Hibernate with HSQLDB embedded is 219 times faster than DataNucleus with SQLite embedded.

Comparison of database storage efficiency (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	Hibernate HSQLDB embedded	DataNucleus SQLite embedded	Hibernate HSQLDB embedded	DataNucleus SQLite embedded	Hibernate HSQLDB embedded	DataNucleus SQLite embedded
Basic Person Test	100		100		100
Element Collection Test	49.8		49.8		49.8
Inheritance Test	95.0		100		97.5
Indexing Test	100		100		100
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	100		100		100
Multithreading Test	100		100		100
All Tests	90.8		91.6		91.2

Comparison of JPA/Database speed - the averages (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction/Retrieval Size	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	Hibernate HSQLDB embedded	DataNucleus SQLite embedded	Hibernate HSQLDB embedded	DataNucleus SQLite embedded	Hibernate HSQLDB embedded	DataNucleus SQLite embedded
Basic Person Test	15.2	0.21	13.9		14.6	0.21
Element Collection Test	13.0		7.7		10.4
Inheritance Test	15.7		13.9		14.8
Indexing Test	30.6		18.4		24.5
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	9.2		20.5		14.8
Multithreading Test	10.8		5.2		8.0
All Tests	16.0	0.21	13.0		14.5	0.21

The results above show that in general Hibernate with HSQLDB embedded is much more efficient than DataNucleus with SQLite embedded in performing JPA database operations. Comparing the normalized speed of DataNucleus with SQLite embedded database (0.21) to the normalized speed of Hibernate with HSQLDB embedded database (14.5) reveals that in these tests, Hibernate with HSQLDB embedded is 69.0 times faster than DataNucleus with SQLite embedded.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using simple basic entities with small transaction/retrieval size. Comparing the normalized speed of DataNucleus with SQLite embedded database (0.21) to the normalized speed of Hibernate with HSQLDB embedded database (15.2) reveals that in that case, Hibernate with HSQLDB embedded is 72.4 times faster than DataNucleus with SQLite embedded.

JPA Performance Benchmark (JPAB)