Comparison of OpenJPA with Derby embedded vs DataNucleus with SQLite embedded

Each of the following tables focuses on a specific database operation, where the last table presents average results comparison.

Speed comparison of JPA database persistence operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	OpenJPA Derby embedded	DataNucleus SQLite embedded	OpenJPA Derby embedded	DataNucleus SQLite embedded	OpenJPA Derby embedded	DataNucleus SQLite embedded
Basic Person Test	6.6		6.4		6.5
Element Collection Test	7.1		5.5		6.3
Inheritance Test	4.1		5.6		4.9
Indexing Test	6.3		6.8		6.5
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	2.3		2.5		2.4
Multithreading Test	7.2		0.0000		3.6
All Tests	5.6		4.5		5.0

Speed comparison of JPA database retrieval operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Retrieval Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	OpenJPA Derby embedded	DataNucleus SQLite embedded	OpenJPA Derby embedded	DataNucleus SQLite embedded	OpenJPA Derby embedded	DataNucleus SQLite embedded
Basic Person Test	14.7	0.43	28.9		21.8	0.43
Element Collection Test	1.0		14.9		8.0
Inheritance Test	1.4		18.0		9.7
Indexing Test	20.1		31.4		25.7
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	0.35		1.5		0.92
Multithreading Test	20.1		26.3		23.2
All Tests	9.6	0.43	20.2		14.9	0.43

The results above show that in general OpenJPA with Derby embedded is much more efficient than DataNucleus with SQLite embedded in retrieving JPA entity objects from the database. Comparing the normalized speed of DataNucleus with SQLite embedded database (0.43) to the normalized speed of OpenJPA with Derby embedded database (14.9) reveals that in these tests, OpenJPA with Derby embedded is 34.7 times faster than DataNucleus with SQLite embedded.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using simple basic entities with small retrieval size. Comparing the normalized speed of DataNucleus with SQLite embedded database (0.43) to the normalized speed of OpenJPA with Derby embedded database (14.7) reveals that in that case, OpenJPA with Derby embedded is 34.2 times faster than DataNucleus with SQLite embedded.

Speed comparison of JPA database query operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Retrieval Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	OpenJPA Derby embedded	DataNucleus SQLite embedded	OpenJPA Derby embedded	DataNucleus SQLite embedded	OpenJPA Derby embedded	DataNucleus SQLite embedded
Basic Person Test	1.3	failed	8.6		5.0	failed
Element Collection Test	0.41		0.95		0.68
Inheritance Test	0.24		1.1		0.66
Indexing Test	9.1		17.7		13.4
Multithreading Test	5.2		10.6		7.9
All Tests	3.2	failed	7.8		5.5	failed

DataNucleus with SQLite embedded has failed in 1 tests (see exceptions).

Speed comparison of JPA database update operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	OpenJPA Derby embedded	DataNucleus SQLite embedded	OpenJPA Derby embedded	DataNucleus SQLite embedded	OpenJPA Derby embedded	DataNucleus SQLite embedded
Basic Person Test	2.2	0.025	5.1		3.6	0.025
Element Collection Test	2.6		4.6		3.6
Inheritance Test	1.0		5.3		3.2
Indexing Test	7.0		7.5		7.2
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	1.3		1.0		1.2
Multithreading Test	4.9		5.5		5.2
All Tests	3.2	0.025	4.8		4.0	0.025

The results above show that in general OpenJPA with Derby embedded is much more efficient than DataNucleus with SQLite embedded in updating JPA entity objects in the database. Comparing the normalized speed of DataNucleus with SQLite embedded database (0.025) to the normalized speed of OpenJPA with Derby embedded database (4.0) reveals that in these tests, OpenJPA with Derby embedded is 160 times faster than DataNucleus with SQLite embedded.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using simple basic entities with small transaction size. Comparing the normalized speed of DataNucleus with SQLite embedded database (0.025) to the normalized speed of OpenJPA with Derby embedded database (2.2) reveals that in that case, OpenJPA with Derby embedded is 88.0 times faster than DataNucleus with SQLite embedded.

Speed comparison of JPA database removal operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	OpenJPA Derby embedded	DataNucleus SQLite embedded	OpenJPA Derby embedded	DataNucleus SQLite embedded	OpenJPA Derby embedded	DataNucleus SQLite embedded
Basic Person Test	8.6	0.17	8.1		8.4	0.17
Element Collection Test	6.2		1.3		3.7
Inheritance Test	7.3		4.3		5.8
Indexing Test	15.2		6.0		10.6
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	5.6		8.3		6.9
Multithreading Test	5.5		0.0000		2.7
All Tests	8.1	0.17	4.7		6.4	0.17

The results above show that in general OpenJPA with Derby embedded is much more efficient than DataNucleus with SQLite embedded in deleting JPA entity objects from the database. Comparing the normalized speed of DataNucleus with SQLite embedded database (0.17) to the normalized speed of OpenJPA with Derby embedded database (6.4) reveals that in these tests, OpenJPA with Derby embedded is 37.6 times faster than DataNucleus with SQLite embedded.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using simple basic entities with small transaction size. Comparing the normalized speed of DataNucleus with SQLite embedded database (0.17) to the normalized speed of OpenJPA with Derby embedded database (8.6) reveals that in that case, OpenJPA with Derby embedded is 50.6 times faster than DataNucleus with SQLite embedded.

Comparison of database storage efficiency (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	OpenJPA Derby embedded	DataNucleus SQLite embedded	OpenJPA Derby embedded	DataNucleus SQLite embedded	OpenJPA Derby embedded	DataNucleus SQLite embedded
Basic Person Test	14.5		14.5		14.5
Element Collection Test	16.0		16.0		16.0
Inheritance Test	15.0		15.7		15.3
Indexing Test	15.0		15.0		15.0
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	5.6		5.6		5.6
Multithreading Test	11.9		11.9		11.9
All Tests	13.0		13.1		13.1

Comparison of JPA/Database speed - the averages (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction/Retrieval Size	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	OpenJPA Derby embedded	DataNucleus SQLite embedded	OpenJPA Derby embedded	DataNucleus SQLite embedded	OpenJPA Derby embedded	DataNucleus SQLite embedded
Basic Person Test	6.7	0.21	11.4		9.1	0.21
Element Collection Test	3.5		5.4		4.5
Inheritance Test	2.8		6.9		4.8
Indexing Test	11.5		13.9		12.7
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	2.4		3.3		2.9
Multithreading Test	8.6		8.5		8.5
All Tests	6.0	0.21	8.4		7.2	0.21

The results above show that in general OpenJPA with Derby embedded is much more efficient than DataNucleus with SQLite embedded in performing JPA database operations. Comparing the normalized speed of DataNucleus with SQLite embedded database (0.21) to the normalized speed of OpenJPA with Derby embedded database (7.2) reveals that in these tests, OpenJPA with Derby embedded is 34.3 times faster than DataNucleus with SQLite embedded.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using simple basic entities with small transaction/retrieval size. Comparing the normalized speed of DataNucleus with SQLite embedded database (0.21) to the normalized speed of OpenJPA with Derby embedded database (6.7) reveals that in that case, OpenJPA with Derby embedded is 31.9 times faster than DataNucleus with SQLite embedded.

JPA Performance Benchmark (JPAB)