Comparison of OpenJPA with H2 embedded vs Hibernate with HSQLDB server

Each of the following tables focuses on a specific database operation, where the last table presents average results comparison.

Speed comparison of JPA database persistence operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	OpenJPA H2 embedded	Hibernate HSQLDB server	OpenJPA H2 embedded	Hibernate HSQLDB server	OpenJPA H2 embedded	Hibernate HSQLDB server
Basic Person Test	9.7	stopped	7.7	stopped	8.7	stopped
Element Collection Test	10.3	stopped	7.4	stopped	8.9	stopped
Inheritance Test	5.2	stopped	6.6	stopped	5.9	stopped
Indexing Test	9.2	stopped	8.7	stopped	9.0	stopped
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	3.4	stopped	2.7	stopped	3.0	stopped
Multithreading Test	7.5	stopped	0.0000	stopped	3.7	stopped
All Tests	7.5	stopped	5.5	stopped	6.5	stopped

The results above show that in general OpenJPA with H2 embedded is much more efficient than Hibernate with HSQLDB server in persisting JPA entity objects to the database. Comparing the normalized speed of Hibernate with HSQLDB database server (0.0000) to the normalized speed of OpenJPA with H2 embedded database (6.5) reveals that in these tests, OpenJPA with H2 embedded is ? times faster than Hibernate with HSQLDB server.

Speed comparison of JPA database retrieval operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Retrieval Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	OpenJPA H2 embedded	Hibernate HSQLDB server	OpenJPA H2 embedded	Hibernate HSQLDB server	OpenJPA H2 embedded	Hibernate HSQLDB server
Basic Person Test	11.4	stopped	46.6	stopped	29.0	stopped
Element Collection Test	1.4	stopped	33.1	stopped	17.3	stopped
Inheritance Test	5.6	stopped	37.6	stopped	21.6	stopped
Indexing Test	5.8	stopped	39.3	stopped	22.5	stopped
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	0.86	stopped	0.90	stopped	0.88	stopped
Multithreading Test	14.0	stopped	38.9	stopped	26.4	stopped
All Tests	6.5	stopped	32.7	stopped	19.6	stopped

The results above show that in general OpenJPA with H2 embedded is much more efficient than Hibernate with HSQLDB server in retrieving JPA entity objects from the database. Comparing the normalized speed of Hibernate with HSQLDB database server (0.0000) to the normalized speed of OpenJPA with H2 embedded database (19.6) reveals that in these tests, OpenJPA with H2 embedded is ? times faster than Hibernate with HSQLDB server.

Speed comparison of JPA database query operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Retrieval Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	OpenJPA H2 embedded	Hibernate HSQLDB server	OpenJPA H2 embedded	Hibernate HSQLDB server	OpenJPA H2 embedded	Hibernate HSQLDB server
Basic Person Test	5.7	stopped	24.0	stopped	14.9	stopped
Element Collection Test	3.6	stopped	7.1	stopped	5.4	stopped
Inheritance Test	1.1	stopped	9.3	stopped	5.2	stopped
Indexing Test	14.3	stopped	24.2	stopped	19.3	stopped
Multithreading Test	3.1	stopped	7.2	stopped	5.1	stopped
All Tests	5.6	stopped	14.4	stopped	10.0	stopped

The results above show that in general OpenJPA with H2 embedded is much more efficient than Hibernate with HSQLDB server in executing the tested JPA queries. Comparing the normalized speed of Hibernate with HSQLDB database server (0.0000) to the normalized speed of OpenJPA with H2 embedded database (10.0) reveals that in these tests, OpenJPA with H2 embedded is ? times faster than Hibernate with HSQLDB server.

Speed comparison of JPA database update operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	OpenJPA H2 embedded	Hibernate HSQLDB server	OpenJPA H2 embedded	Hibernate HSQLDB server	OpenJPA H2 embedded	Hibernate HSQLDB server
Basic Person Test	14.2	stopped	11.2	stopped	12.7	stopped
Element Collection Test	6.5	stopped	15.2	stopped	10.9	stopped
Inheritance Test	4.0	stopped	14.9	stopped	9.5	stopped
Indexing Test	43.0	stopped	16.2	stopped	29.6	stopped
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	3.3	stopped	2.2	stopped	2.7	stopped
Multithreading Test	8.2	stopped	6.3	stopped	7.2	stopped
All Tests	13.2	stopped	11.0	stopped	12.1	stopped

The results above show that in general OpenJPA with H2 embedded is much more efficient than Hibernate with HSQLDB server in updating JPA entity objects in the database. Comparing the normalized speed of Hibernate with HSQLDB database server (0.0000) to the normalized speed of OpenJPA with H2 embedded database (12.1) reveals that in these tests, OpenJPA with H2 embedded is ? times faster than Hibernate with HSQLDB server.

Speed comparison of JPA database removal operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	OpenJPA H2 embedded	Hibernate HSQLDB server	OpenJPA H2 embedded	Hibernate HSQLDB server	OpenJPA H2 embedded	Hibernate HSQLDB server
Basic Person Test	55.8	stopped	26.5	stopped	41.1	stopped
Element Collection Test	26.3	stopped	3.0	stopped	14.6	stopped
Inheritance Test	26.7	stopped	23.0	stopped	24.8	stopped
Indexing Test	100	stopped	13.7	stopped	56.8	stopped
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	12.5	stopped	40.6	stopped	26.5	stopped
Multithreading Test	20.9	stopped	0.0000	stopped	10.4	stopped
All Tests	40.4	stopped	17.8	stopped	29.1	stopped

The results above show that in general OpenJPA with H2 embedded is much more efficient than Hibernate with HSQLDB server in deleting JPA entity objects from the database. Comparing the normalized speed of Hibernate with HSQLDB database server (0.0000) to the normalized speed of OpenJPA with H2 embedded database (29.1) reveals that in these tests, OpenJPA with H2 embedded is ? times faster than Hibernate with HSQLDB server.

Comparison of JPA/Database speed - the averages (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction/Retrieval Size	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	OpenJPA H2 embedded	Hibernate HSQLDB server	OpenJPA H2 embedded	Hibernate HSQLDB server	OpenJPA H2 embedded	Hibernate HSQLDB server
Basic Person Test	19.4	stopped	23.2	stopped	21.3	stopped
Element Collection Test	9.6	stopped	13.2	stopped	11.4	stopped
Inheritance Test	8.5	stopped	18.3	stopped	13.4	stopped
Indexing Test	34.5	stopped	20.4	stopped	27.4	stopped
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	5.0	stopped	11.6	stopped	8.3	stopped
Multithreading Test	10.7	stopped	10.5	stopped	10.6	stopped
All Tests	14.9	stopped	16.4	stopped	15.6	stopped

The results above show that in general OpenJPA with H2 embedded is much more efficient than Hibernate with HSQLDB server in performing JPA database operations. Comparing the normalized speed of Hibernate with HSQLDB database server (0.0000) to the normalized speed of OpenJPA with H2 embedded database (15.6) reveals that in these tests, OpenJPA with H2 embedded is ? times faster than Hibernate with HSQLDB server.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using simple basic entities with small transaction/retrieval size. Comparing the normalized speed of Hibernate with HSQLDB database server (0.0000) to the normalized speed of OpenJPA with H2 embedded database (19.4) reveals that in that case, OpenJPA with H2 embedded is ? times faster than Hibernate with HSQLDB server.

JPA Performance Benchmark (JPAB)