Comparison of OpenJPA with H2 embedded vs DataNucleus with SQLite embedded

Each of the following tables focuses on a specific database operation, where the last table presents average results comparison.

Speed comparison of JPA database persistence operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	OpenJPA H2 embedded	DataNucleus SQLite embedded	OpenJPA H2 embedded	DataNucleus SQLite embedded	OpenJPA H2 embedded	DataNucleus SQLite embedded
Basic Person Test	9.7		7.7		8.7
Element Collection Test	10.3		7.4		8.9
Inheritance Test	5.2		6.6		5.9
Indexing Test	9.2		8.7		9.0
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	3.4		2.7		3.0
Multithreading Test	7.5		0.0000		3.7
All Tests	7.5		5.5		6.5

Speed comparison of JPA database retrieval operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Retrieval Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	OpenJPA H2 embedded	DataNucleus SQLite embedded	OpenJPA H2 embedded	DataNucleus SQLite embedded	OpenJPA H2 embedded	DataNucleus SQLite embedded
Basic Person Test	11.4	0.43	46.6		29.0	0.43
Element Collection Test	1.4		33.1		17.3
Inheritance Test	5.6		37.6		21.6
Indexing Test	5.8		39.3		22.5
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	0.86		0.90		0.88
Multithreading Test	14.0		38.9		26.4
All Tests	6.5	0.43	32.7		19.6	0.43

The results above show that in general OpenJPA with H2 embedded is much more efficient than DataNucleus with SQLite embedded in retrieving JPA entity objects from the database. Comparing the normalized speed of DataNucleus with SQLite embedded database (0.43) to the normalized speed of OpenJPA with H2 embedded database (19.6) reveals that in these tests, OpenJPA with H2 embedded is 45.6 times faster than DataNucleus with SQLite embedded.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using simple basic entities with small retrieval size. Comparing the normalized speed of DataNucleus with SQLite embedded database (0.43) to the normalized speed of OpenJPA with H2 embedded database (11.4) reveals that in that case, OpenJPA with H2 embedded is 26.5 times faster than DataNucleus with SQLite embedded.

Speed comparison of JPA database query operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Retrieval Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	OpenJPA H2 embedded	DataNucleus SQLite embedded	OpenJPA H2 embedded	DataNucleus SQLite embedded	OpenJPA H2 embedded	DataNucleus SQLite embedded
Basic Person Test	5.7	failed	24.0		14.9	failed
Element Collection Test	3.6		7.1		5.4
Inheritance Test	1.1		9.3		5.2
Indexing Test	14.3		24.2		19.3
Multithreading Test	3.1		7.2		5.1
All Tests	5.6	failed	14.4		10.0	failed

DataNucleus with SQLite embedded has failed in 1 tests (see exceptions).

Speed comparison of JPA database update operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	OpenJPA H2 embedded	DataNucleus SQLite embedded	OpenJPA H2 embedded	DataNucleus SQLite embedded	OpenJPA H2 embedded	DataNucleus SQLite embedded
Basic Person Test	14.2	0.025	11.2		12.7	0.025
Element Collection Test	6.5		15.2		10.9
Inheritance Test	4.0		14.9		9.5
Indexing Test	43.0		16.2		29.6
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	3.3		2.2		2.7
Multithreading Test	8.2		6.3		7.2
All Tests	13.2	0.025	11.0		12.1	0.025

The results above show that in general OpenJPA with H2 embedded is much more efficient than DataNucleus with SQLite embedded in updating JPA entity objects in the database. Comparing the normalized speed of DataNucleus with SQLite embedded database (0.025) to the normalized speed of OpenJPA with H2 embedded database (12.1) reveals that in these tests, OpenJPA with H2 embedded is 484 times faster than DataNucleus with SQLite embedded.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using simple basic entities with small transaction size. Comparing the normalized speed of DataNucleus with SQLite embedded database (0.025) to the normalized speed of OpenJPA with H2 embedded database (14.2) reveals that in that case, OpenJPA with H2 embedded is 568 times faster than DataNucleus with SQLite embedded.

Speed comparison of JPA database removal operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	OpenJPA H2 embedded	DataNucleus SQLite embedded	OpenJPA H2 embedded	DataNucleus SQLite embedded	OpenJPA H2 embedded	DataNucleus SQLite embedded
Basic Person Test	55.8	0.17	26.5		41.1	0.17
Element Collection Test	26.3		3.0		14.6
Inheritance Test	26.7		23.0		24.8
Indexing Test	100		13.7		56.8
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	12.5		40.6		26.5
Multithreading Test	20.9		0.0000		10.4
All Tests	40.4	0.17	17.8		29.1	0.17

The results above show that in general OpenJPA with H2 embedded is much more efficient than DataNucleus with SQLite embedded in deleting JPA entity objects from the database. Comparing the normalized speed of DataNucleus with SQLite embedded database (0.17) to the normalized speed of OpenJPA with H2 embedded database (29.1) reveals that in these tests, OpenJPA with H2 embedded is 171 times faster than DataNucleus with SQLite embedded.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using simple basic entities with small transaction size. Comparing the normalized speed of DataNucleus with SQLite embedded database (0.17) to the normalized speed of OpenJPA with H2 embedded database (55.8) reveals that in that case, OpenJPA with H2 embedded is 328 times faster than DataNucleus with SQLite embedded.

Comparison of database storage efficiency (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	OpenJPA H2 embedded	DataNucleus SQLite embedded	OpenJPA H2 embedded	DataNucleus SQLite embedded	OpenJPA H2 embedded	DataNucleus SQLite embedded
Basic Person Test	10.1		10.1		10.1
Element Collection Test	12.3		12.3		12.3
Inheritance Test	11.1		11.7		11.4
Indexing Test	10.9		10.9		10.9
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	3.9		3.9		3.9
Multithreading Test	10.1		10.1		10.1
All Tests	9.7		9.8		9.8

Comparison of JPA/Database speed - the averages (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction/Retrieval Size	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	OpenJPA H2 embedded	DataNucleus SQLite embedded	OpenJPA H2 embedded	DataNucleus SQLite embedded	OpenJPA H2 embedded	DataNucleus SQLite embedded
Basic Person Test	19.4	0.21	23.2		21.3	0.21
Element Collection Test	9.6		13.2		11.4
Inheritance Test	8.5		18.3		13.4
Indexing Test	34.5		20.4		27.4
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	5.0		11.6		8.3
Multithreading Test	10.7		10.5		10.6
All Tests	14.9	0.21	16.4		15.6	0.21

The results above show that in general OpenJPA with H2 embedded is much more efficient than DataNucleus with SQLite embedded in performing JPA database operations. Comparing the normalized speed of DataNucleus with SQLite embedded database (0.21) to the normalized speed of OpenJPA with H2 embedded database (15.6) reveals that in these tests, OpenJPA with H2 embedded is 74.3 times faster than DataNucleus with SQLite embedded.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using simple basic entities with small transaction/retrieval size. Comparing the normalized speed of DataNucleus with SQLite embedded database (0.21) to the normalized speed of OpenJPA with H2 embedded database (19.4) reveals that in that case, OpenJPA with H2 embedded is 92.4 times faster than DataNucleus with SQLite embedded.

JPA Performance Benchmark (JPAB)